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Durham castle flashcards

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1
Q

What has Durham Castle never been?

A

A monastary

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2
Q

What uni uses durham castle?

A

durham uni

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3
Q

how does the castle do to help the students today?

A

student accommodation

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4
Q

What does the great hall do?

A

meals served three times a day. two formal dinners a week where students will where gowns

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5
Q

how is durham castle a museum

A

there is bookable guided tours

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6
Q

what venues are at durham castle today?

A

wedding and banquet venues

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7
Q

how is durham castle a hotel?

A

you can stay there for £55 a night

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8
Q

when was durham castle granted UNESCO World Heritage status?

A

1986

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9
Q

what original feature does durham castle have?

A

the motte which hasnt changed in nearly 1000 years

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10
Q

when was durham castles keep built?

A

1840

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11
Q

uses of durham castle changing over time?

A

fortress, palace, uni college

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12
Q

name 3 functions of durham castle over the years

A

a fortress, palace, student accommodation

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13
Q

What is a palisade?

A

A strong fence. Made of solid timber drove into the ground. Sometimes a double fence was packed in between.

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14
Q

What is a keep?

A

A strong wooden tower that provided a lookout point. This was so archers could defend the whole area of the castle.

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15
Q

What is a gatehouse?

A

Controlled access to the castle.

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16
Q

What did the sally port do?

A

Allowed people trapped inside the castle to escape

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17
Q

Reasons why durham castle was built on it’s location

A
  1. horseshoe bend in the river
  2. defends the cathedral
  3. steep banks gave natural defences
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18
Q

Why did people start using your site? 20 marker (DC)

A
  1. For william to secure control over the north after the harrying of the north and their rebellion
  2. geographical location gives natural defence (scottish threat)
  3. Religious motivations (durham cathedral) (st cuthberts bones)
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19
Q

Features of DC during the norman period

A
  1. north hall with kitchens below it to feed guests or troops.
  2. motte with a keep on top
  3. norman archway (entrance to the north hall) which was highly decorated to show off wealth
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20
Q

Key features of the norman chapel

A
  1. built in 1080’’s
  2. oldest depiction of a mermaid in england
  3. sallyport
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21
Q

durham castle had an outer what?

A

an extensive outer wall to protect the cathedral

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22
Q

DC has a ??? bend and ??? banks which ensure good defences

A

natural steep banks with a horshoe bend

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23
Q

Durham castle was first built with what and later built with what?

A

First built with wood and later with stone.

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24
Q

When was the norman chapel built?

A

12th cent.

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25
Q

Why was alnwick castle built?

A
  1. control the rebellious north
  2. natural defences
  3. home for loyal supporters of william I that were willing to fight off the scottish
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26
Q

Is alnwick in a crowded area?

A

No. built in a land that was disputed by the scottish and the english but there was only one local town nearby,

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27
Q

what type of source of water does alnwick have nearby?

A

river so its harder to attack

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28
Q

what type of source of water does bamburgh have near by?

A

the sea so its harder to attack

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29
Q

chevron design in alnwick castle

A

has it but still not as decorative as DC

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30
Q

chapel in alnwick

A

evidence of a chapel that dates back to the 14th cent. but there is evidence that it couldve been as far back to the 12th cent.

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31
Q

chapel in bamburgh

A

evidence of a 12th cent chapel

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32
Q

How did Elizabeth try to ensure she controlled the North?

A
  1. putting trusted people in charge of the north
  2. securing the boarder with scotland
  3. spies
  4. used the privy council
  5. reacting to rebellions
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33
Q

princes under Henry VIII

A

powers of the monarchy in the north

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34
Q

Why was durham castle different to the others

A

castle defending the cathedral was very very unique

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35
Q

What was Hampton Court originally built for?

A

A King

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36
Q

What did Hampton court reflect?

A

The wealth of Wosley and Henry VIII

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37
Q

What did the rooms reflect about importance?

A

The closer your room was to the owner the more important you were

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38
Q

How big is durham castle?

A

9 hectares

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39
Q

how big is hampton court?

A

304 hectares

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40
Q

when did the power of prince bishops decline

A

1540s onwards because Henry VIII took away their right to mint their own coins and raise taxes.

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41
Q

How big is the great hall is durham castle?

A

101 feet long

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42
Q

how big is the great hall in hampton court?

A

106 feet long

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43
Q

How many rooms did hampton court have in the tudor period?

A

1390

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44
Q

how many rooms does durham castle have?

A

50

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45
Q

Why was durham made a univerisity?

A

in 1831, people proposed the idea to make a university in durham to spend the churches wealth in good light and to meet the growing demands of degree level education.

46
Q

When was the norman keep rebuilt in DC

A

14th cent. was rebuilt in an octagonal shape to strengthen defences.

47
Q

Who was the architect that was hired to restore DC?

A

Anthony Slavin

48
Q

What happened to the windows in the victorian period?

A

enlarged because they no longer played a defensive role

49
Q

victorian stained glass windows

A

installed in 1882 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the university.

50
Q

who designed the stain glass windows in durham castle

A

kempe

51
Q

Stained glass windows in jesus college compared to durham

A

BOTH installed by kempe but jesus college’s stained glass actually does have some religious significance

52
Q

jesus college & durham castle

A
  1. large dining table
    2.large windows
  2. jesus college was actually built to be a college
53
Q

Trinity college & durham castle

A
  1. trinity college purpose built
  2. Great hall in trinity has 16 large stained glass windows that show the history of the college and their coat of arms.
54
Q

When was the harrying of the north?

A

1069

55
Q

When was durham castle built

A

1072

56
Q

What could prince bishops do under the reign of william

A
  1. mint their own coins
  2. levy taxes
  3. raise armies
  4. hold their own courts
57
Q

what is the only original thing that durham castle has?

A

the motte (11th cent.)

58
Q

What type of of river surrounds the castle

A

horseshoe “U-bend”

59
Q

whos bones are inside the cathedral?

A

st cuthbert

60
Q

Name on use of the castle during the norman period

A

prayer in the norman chapel

61
Q

what features in the tunstall gallery shows his wealth

A

big windows
paintings

62
Q

why did tunstall widen the gatehouse

A

carriages

63
Q

what defensive feature did tunstall add

A

gun loop

64
Q

why was the gun loop still needed

A

tension between protestants and catholics

65
Q

what was the castle used for during the tudor period

A

entertainment
prayer in the chapel
dining in the great hall

66
Q

what was tunstall described as religiously

A

a religious cameleon *changed paintings with rosary bedes in

67
Q

when was the castle handed over to the university

A

1837

68
Q

name two changes made in the victorian period

A

keep was rebuilt and changed to utilize student accommodation (1840)

69
Q

challenge of studying the castle today

A

motte is the only original feature (11th cent.)

70
Q

why is the castle of international importance?

A

UNESCO world heritage

71
Q

what happened if the students arrived later than 9pm

A

disciplined
or climb wall

72
Q

what were the senate rooms for?

A

for judges that had a local court inside the castle

73
Q

What were the two rooms guarded by guards made into?

A

two student rooms

74
Q

What was added in the Vic. era to inform people about curfew times?

A

a bell

75
Q

what was removed in the great hall to make more space?

A

two small rooms. this now caters for 300 students

76
Q

what change was made to the windows during the victorian era and why

A

bigger windows to:
show off wealth because their was no threat of invasion

77
Q

What anniversary was it where they changed the windows

A

made windows bigger for the 50th anniversary in the victorian era

78
Q

who rebuilt the keep and when

A

antony salvin rebuilt the keep for student accommodation

79
Q

What was added as a common room in the victorian era

A

senior common room was added and windows were made larger to make sure that more natural light was getting in

80
Q

What were the courts called that the judges used to attend inside of the castle during the vic period

A

assize courts

81
Q

How many students were there in 1882

A

only 78 because it was expensive to live there

82
Q

Why were bishops in and around in the victorian era

A

because they still had claim to the bishop’s suite for all of the 19th century. It still had 4 poster beds.

83
Q

What did tunstall add to the chapel to show off his wealth?

A

mercy seats which were quite unique and rare

84
Q

What is the bailey?

A

The central area of the castle

85
Q

what was the bailey used for during the norman period

A

commerce and trade
Protection for people

86
Q

what is the bailey used for now?

A

seating area for students

87
Q

how long did the senates use the senate suite

A

until 1971!

88
Q

why was the great hall made smaller in the victorian period

A

to make a more formal entrance foyer for students

89
Q

what was the norman chapel used for?

A

Private mass by prince bishops

90
Q

what is carved on the walls of the norman chapel?

A

religious carvings

91
Q

what was the norman chapel used for in the victorian period

A

masses for students

92
Q

proximity to the cathedral

A

The castle is very close to the cathedral. The outer wall encircles the cathedral

93
Q

Where are the steep banks located?

A

on one side

94
Q

first ever what carving

A

mermaid carving

95
Q

Walls in the chapel

A

double thick because its an outer wall

96
Q

what did prince bishops do with coins there

A

mint

97
Q

what is the palisade

A

fence around the motte and bailey

98
Q

durham peninsula

A

the castle was protected by the durham peninsula

99
Q

How did archers get their arrows through

A

arrow slits

100
Q

why would local people come into the castle

A

castle market days

101
Q

when did the vikings attack

A

1066 when edward took over made him think they would again

102
Q

scottish threat

A

malcom of scotland

103
Q

taxes

A

served an international purpose for the king

104
Q

Lawrance the monk

A

described the castles dimensions (natural defenses strength lofty battlements

105
Q

tunstall chapel

A

paintings and treasures
covers the norman archway

106
Q

Gun loop

A

Tunstall was scared due to the pilgrimage of grace in 1536

107
Q

mercy seats

A

folded and made more space for mass. at the time were very impressive

108
Q

doorway victorian

A

doorway added so people didnt have to climb the fence when late

109
Q

changes in victorian era

A

kitchen extended, bigger windows and wider staircases

110
Q

durham 600 years

A

first uni to be built in 600 years

111
Q

How do we know about the castle (victorian)

A

Anthony salvin drew his plans for the keep
Cuthbert bede described what it looked like
drawings of the keep falling down in 1837
maps of the castle in 17th cent

112
Q
A

History (6 decks)

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