Durham castle flashcards
1
Q
What has Durham Castle never been?
A
A monastary
2
Q
What uni uses durham castle?
A
durham uni
3
Q
how does the castle do to help the students today?
A
student accommodation
4
Q
What does the great hall do?
A
meals served three times a day. two formal dinners a week where students will where gowns
5
Q
how is durham castle a museum
A
there is bookable guided tours
6
Q
what venues are at durham castle today?
A
wedding and banquet venues
7
Q
how is durham castle a hotel?
A
you can stay there for £55 a night
8
Q
when was durham castle granted UNESCO World Heritage status?
A
1986
9
Q
what original feature does durham castle have?
A
the motte which hasnt changed in nearly 1000 years
10
Q
when was durham castles keep built?
A
1840
11
Q
uses of durham castle changing over time?
A
fortress, palace, uni college
12
Q
name 3 functions of durham castle over the years
A
a fortress, palace, student accommodation
13
Q
What is a palisade?
A
A strong fence. Made of solid timber drove into the ground. Sometimes a double fence was packed in between.
14
Q
What is a keep?
A
A strong wooden tower that provided a lookout point. This was so archers could defend the whole area of the castle.
15
Q
What is a gatehouse?
A
Controlled access to the castle.
16
Q
What did the sally port do?
A
Allowed people trapped inside the castle to escape
17
Q
Reasons why durham castle was built on it’s location
A
- horseshoe bend in the river
- defends the cathedral
- steep banks gave natural defences
18
Q
Why did people start using your site? 20 marker (DC)
A
- For william to secure control over the north after the harrying of the north and their rebellion
- geographical location gives natural defence (scottish threat)
- Religious motivations (durham cathedral) (st cuthberts bones)
19
Q
Features of DC during the norman period
A
- north hall with kitchens below it to feed guests or troops.
- motte with a keep on top
- norman archway (entrance to the north hall) which was highly decorated to show off wealth
20
Q
Key features of the norman chapel
A
- built in 1080’’s
- oldest depiction of a mermaid in england
- sallyport
21
Q
durham castle had an outer what?
A
an extensive outer wall to protect the cathedral
22
Q
DC has a ??? bend and ??? banks which ensure good defences
A
natural steep banks with a horshoe bend
23
Q
Durham castle was first built with what and later built with what?
A
First built with wood and later with stone.
24
Q
When was the norman chapel built?
A
12th cent.
25
Why was alnwick castle built?
1. control the rebellious north
2. natural defences
3. home for loyal supporters of william I that were willing to fight off the scottish
26
Is alnwick in a crowded area?
No. built in a land that was disputed by the scottish and the english but there was only one local town nearby,
27
what type of source of water does alnwick have nearby?
river so its harder to attack
28
what type of source of water does bamburgh have near by?
the sea so its harder to attack
29
chevron design in alnwick castle
has it but still not as decorative as DC
30
chapel in alnwick
evidence of a chapel that dates back to the 14th cent. but there is evidence that it couldve been as far back to the 12th cent.
31
chapel in bamburgh
evidence of a 12th cent chapel
32
How did Elizabeth try to ensure she controlled the North?
1. putting trusted people in charge of the north
2. securing the boarder with scotland
3. spies
4. used the privy council
5. reacting to rebellions
33
princes under Henry VIII
powers of the monarchy in the north
34
Why was durham castle different to the others
castle defending the cathedral was very very unique
35
What was Hampton Court originally built for?
A King
36
What did Hampton court reflect?
The wealth of Wosley and Henry VIII
37
What did the rooms reflect about importance?
The closer your room was to the owner the more important you were
38
How big is durham castle?
9 hectares
39
how big is hampton court?
304 hectares
40
when did the power of prince bishops decline
1540s onwards because Henry VIII took away their right to mint their own coins and raise taxes.
41
How big is the great hall is durham castle?
101 feet long
42
how big is the great hall in hampton court?
106 feet long
43
How many rooms did hampton court have in the tudor period?
1390
44
how many rooms does durham castle have?
50
45
Why was durham made a univerisity?
in 1831, people proposed the idea to make a university in durham to spend the churches wealth in good light and to meet the growing demands of degree level education.
46
When was the norman keep rebuilt in DC
14th cent. was rebuilt in an octagonal shape to strengthen defences.
47
Who was the architect that was hired to restore DC?
Anthony Slavin
48
What happened to the windows in the victorian period?
enlarged because they no longer played a defensive role
49
victorian stained glass windows
installed in 1882 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the university.
50
who designed the stain glass windows in durham castle
kempe
51
Stained glass windows in jesus college compared to durham
BOTH installed by kempe but jesus college's stained glass actually does have some religious significance
52
jesus college & durham castle
1. large dining table
2.large windows
3. jesus college was actually built to be a college
53
Trinity college & durham castle
1. trinity college purpose built
2. Great hall in trinity has 16 large stained glass windows that show the history of the college and their coat of arms.
54
When was the harrying of the north?
1069
55
When was durham castle built
1072
56
What could prince bishops do under the reign of william
1. mint their own coins
2. levy taxes
3. raise armies
4. hold their own courts
57
what is the only original thing that durham castle has?
the motte (11th cent.)
58
What type of of river surrounds the castle
horseshoe "U-bend"
59
whos bones are inside the cathedral?
st cuthbert
60
Name on use of the castle during the norman period
prayer in the norman chapel
61
what features in the tunstall gallery shows his wealth
big windows
paintings
62
why did tunstall widen the gatehouse
carriages
63
what defensive feature did tunstall add
gun loop
64
why was the gun loop still needed
tension between protestants and catholics
65
what was the castle used for during the tudor period
entertainment
prayer in the chapel
dining in the great hall
66
what was tunstall described as religiously
a religious cameleon *changed paintings with rosary bedes in
67
when was the castle handed over to the university
1837
68
name two changes made in the victorian period
keep was rebuilt and changed to utilize student accommodation (1840)
69
challenge of studying the castle today
motte is the only original feature (11th cent.)
70
why is the castle of international importance?
UNESCO world heritage
71
what happened if the students arrived later than 9pm
disciplined
or climb wall
72
what were the senate rooms for?
for judges that had a local court inside the castle
73
What were the two rooms guarded by guards made into?
two student rooms
74
What was added in the Vic. era to inform people about curfew times?
a bell
75
what was removed in the great hall to make more space?
two small rooms. this now caters for 300 students
76
what change was made to the windows during the victorian era and why
bigger windows to:
show off wealth because their was no threat of invasion
77
What anniversary was it where they changed the windows
made windows bigger for the 50th anniversary in the victorian era
78
who rebuilt the keep and when
antony salvin rebuilt the keep for student accommodation
79
What was added as a common room in the victorian era
senior common room was added and windows were made larger to make sure that more natural light was getting in
80
What were the courts called that the judges used to attend inside of the castle during the vic period
assize courts
81
How many students were there in 1882
only 78 because it was expensive to live there
82
Why were bishops in and around in the victorian era
because they still had claim to the bishop's suite for all of the 19th century. It still had 4 poster beds.
83
What did tunstall add to the chapel to show off his wealth?
mercy seats which were quite unique and rare
84
What is the bailey?
The central area of the castle
85
what was the bailey used for during the norman period
commerce and trade
Protection for people
86
what is the bailey used for now?
seating area for students
87
how long did the senates use the senate suite
until 1971!
88
why was the great hall made smaller in the victorian period
to make a more formal entrance foyer for students
89
what was the norman chapel used for?
Private mass by prince bishops
90
what is carved on the walls of the norman chapel?
religious carvings
91
what was the norman chapel used for in the victorian period
masses for students
92
proximity to the cathedral
The castle is very close to the cathedral. The outer wall encircles the cathedral
93
Where are the steep banks located?
on one side
94
first ever what carving
mermaid carving
95
Walls in the chapel
double thick because its an outer wall
96
what did prince bishops do with coins there
mint
97
what is the palisade
fence around the motte and bailey
98
durham peninsula
the castle was protected by the durham peninsula
99
How did archers get their arrows through
arrow slits
100
why would local people come into the castle
castle market days
101
when did the vikings attack
1066 when edward took over made him think they would again
102
scottish threat
malcom of scotland
103
taxes
served an international purpose for the king
104
Lawrance the monk
described the castles dimensions (natural defenses strength lofty battlements
105
tunstall chapel
paintings and treasures
covers the norman archway
106
Gun loop
Tunstall was scared due to the pilgrimage of grace in 1536
107
mercy seats
folded and made more space for mass. at the time were very impressive
108
doorway victorian
doorway added so people didnt have to climb the fence when late
109
changes in victorian era
kitchen extended, bigger windows and wider staircases
110
durham 600 years
first uni to be built in 600 years
111
How do we know about the castle (victorian)
Anthony salvin drew his plans for the keep
Cuthbert bede described what it looked like
drawings of the keep falling down in 1837
maps of the castle in 17th cent
112
