Elizabeth Flashcards
The Domestic situation/ returning of Exiles
People were confused and uncertain after religious upheaval.
Once Mary died, the 800 exiles returned to England from places like Zurich, Frankfurt and Geneva.
However they were not a united group. Bishops appointed by Mary were not prepared to compromise
The 1559 Act of Supremacy
Supreme Governor of the Church,
all clergy/officials have to take an oath of loyalty,
Hersey Laws repealed,
communion in both kinds was authorised
The 1559 Act of Uniformity
to be used in all churches,
all must attend church or pay a fine,
ornaments of the church/dress were to be those current in 1548 and queen could alter,
when communion was received the words said included the forms in both the 1549 and 1552 Prayer Books
the ‘Black-Rubric’ from the 1552 Prayer Book which denied the bodily presences of Christ of communion was omitted
Northern Rebellion
1569
catholics of the north rebelled
led by earls of northumberland and westmorland
planned to depose Elizabeth and put Mary on throne
Evidence Northern Rebellion proposed a threat
The scale and numbers of the rebellion, and the fact that Elizabeth felt the need to execute so many of them.
Evidence Northern Rebellion did not propose a threat
Highly unlikely that the rebels would ever succeed as they had poor organisational skills, weak leadership and lack of support from Philip
Evidence NR was dealt with successfully
In 1570, Elizabeth sent forces to Scotland to subdue Mary’s supporters after Moray was murdered.
Evidence NR was not dealt with successfully
Elizabeth imprisoned Mary where she stayed for over twenty years until she was executed for continual plotting against the Queen.
The Ridolfi Plot
1571
plot to assassinate Elizabeth
hatched by Roberto Ridolfi, international banker who could travel and gain support without too much suspicion
Evidence Ridolfi did propose a threat
Coming so soon after the 1570 Papal Bull excommunicating Elizabeth, it reinforced the threat posed to Elizabeth from all Catholic sides
Reminded Elizabeth of the threat from Spain, as well as adding to the already building tension with the persecution of the Protestants in the Netherlands
It led to Elizabeth trying to improve relations with France as a buffer to Spain’s threat
Pressure was put on Elizabeth to be harsher to Catholics in England
Evidence Ridolfi did not pose a threat
Was stopped easily
Evidence Ridolfi was dealt with successfully
Cecil and Walsingham uncovered the coded plot and proved Norfolk was guilty of treason
Evidence Ridolfi was not dealt with successfully
Elizabeth signed Norfolks death warrant but refused to sign Mary’s
Ridolfi escaped punishment
Throckmorton
1583
Francis Throckmorton planned for the French army to invade England and replace Elizabeth with Mary
Paid for by Pope and Phillip II
Evidence Throckmorton posed a serious domestic/foreign/both threat
It was backed by Spain
Evidence Throckmorton was dealt with successfully
1584, the plot resulted in the creation of the Bond of Association - anyone who attempted to usurp the throne or to assassinate the Queen was to be executed
Evidence Throckmorton was not dealt with successfully
Elizabeth refused to admit Mary was part of the plot
Babington
1586
Conspiracy to kill Elizabeth
Introduced by Anthony Babington, used coded messages to communicate with Mary
Evidence Babington was dealt with successfully
Privy Council persuaded Elizabeth that Mary should be brought to trial, although she was reluctant
The Council agreed to send the warrant as as it was signed so Elizabeth could not change her mind
Elizabeth had Babington and his conspirators be hanged, drawn and quartered
Trial opened in 1586 and Mary was found guilty
Which came first, Seminary priests or Jesuits?
Seminary Priest
Seminary priests and Jesuits
Seminary Priest are Catholic Priests who were trained in English seminaries or houses of study on the european continent after the introduction of laws forbidding Catholicism in Britain
Jesuits are people in the Society of Jesus- a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church
Seminary separates themselves from earlier trained priests (Marian Priests)
William Allen
Was a English Carinal of the Roman Catholic Church
Ordained priest but never bishop
His main role was setting up colleges to train english missionary priests
Assisted in planning the spanish armada in 1588
1580 mission
The 1580 mission was intending to deal with the intense persecution against catholicism.
The whole object of the mission was not to further papal aggression but to promote the cause of reunion not to be done aggressively
Upped fines to 20 shillings
When was first Catholic killed?
1577
The Jesuits Act
1584 commanded that all Roman Catholic priests to leave the country or they would be punished with high treason, if in those 40 days they swore an oath to the queen the would be pardoned
133 killed overall
When and what were the three key meeting in PC?
1559-60: Debate around the intervention of Scotland
1562: Council met in emergency with the queen seriously ill from smallpox amid fear that she might die to discuss the matter of succession
1566: possibility of queens marriage was discussed and Leicester and his ally Sir Francis Knollys led the opposition to the match with Archduke Charles
How did Elizabeth control the PC?
By being in attendance she is fully aware of the issues discussed
By keeping notes she can keep going over the issues until she can make a decision
The promotion of divisions
Showed her dominance and highlighted the fact that is in position of authority
Got an outside opinion other than the mean inside of the PC
Displaying affection men will feel comfortable with her and like her
Courts
Split into two, presence chamber (meet the queen daily) privy chamber (queen’s household, only certain people can go)
Main focus of court is council/advice
What are the factions?
Cecil v.s Dudley
Dudley vs Norfolk
Robert Cecil v.s Essex
Marriage Contenders?
Philip II
Archduke Charles
Prince Eric
Charles IX
Henry, Duke of anjou
Francis, Duke of Alencon
How was parliament organised?
House of Commons
House of Lords
How many sessions are there before 1588?
9
How many sessions are there after 1588?
4
Main reasons for conflict within parliament?
Religion, Mary, Marriage, Succession
Strickland
1571 - wanted stricter prayer book
When did Mary arrive?
1568
When were the last 4 session?
1st session- 1589
2nd session- 1593
3rd session- 1597
4th session- 1601
