Elizabeth Flashcards
Why did Elizabeth’s family make her an unlikely ruler?
Anne Boleyn, who was her mother, was ordered to be executed by her father who was Henry VIII. However, she was brought up in a royal household.
Why was patronage important?
It ensured loyalty from courtiers as Elizabeth would award them with titles, land, monopolies and much more in exchange for obedience and support.
What was the royal court?
Made up of all the officials, servants and advisors that surrounded Elizabeth.
Who were the Lord Lieutenants?
Appointed by the queen and were responsible for running a particular area of the country or raising a militia to fight for the queen.
Who were parliament?
House of lords and house of commons, had influence over tax and passed laws. Elizabeth could choose when to call parliament and was free to ignore their advice.
Who were the justices of the peace?
Several in every country and were responsible for maintaining law and order.
What was Elizabeth’s problem with succession?
Last living child of Henry VIII and she had no children of her own so it was unclear who would succeed her if she died. Could lead to violent struggles for power.
What was Elizabeth’s problem with religion?
Many Catholics did not trust Elizabeth and some claimed that she had no right to be queen. Puritans wanted the country to be extreme protestant.
What was Elizabeth’s problem with foreign policy?
Catholic countries like Spain and France wanted influence over in England and had the support from the pope.
What was Elizabeth’s problem with Taxation?
Country was short on money but country was spread with poverty so taxing would be unpopular.
What was the problem with Mary, Queen of Scots?
Next in line was her Cousin Mary and Catholics saw her as an alternative.
What was Elizabeth’s problem with Ireland?
Major revolt.
What were the arguments for marriage?
Create an alliance with foreign country to guarantee loyalty of powerful family. Produce an heir to the throne to continue the Tudor line and stop MQS from becoming queen.
What were the arguments against marriage?
Loss of authority, giving birth was risky, her experience with marriage had been bad as her dad has married six times and ordered her mother to be executed.
Who was Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alencon?
Suitor for marriage and was the French king’s brother but Elizabeth was already older when the marriage was offered which meant England could have fell to French power if she died before producing an heir. He was catholic.
Who was King Philip II of Spain?
Wealthy and powerful but catholic.
Who was Robert Dudley, Early of Leicestor?
Childhood friend whom she loved and a key figure in court and parliament but when his wife died they could not marry as the scandal surrounding his death was too big.
Explain Marriage and succession in link to parliament.
They saw it as their duty to find Elizabeth a suitable husband, she banned them from talking about it and sent one of them to the Tower of London for it.
Explain religion in link to parliament?
Powerful puritans tried to introduce laws.
Explain freedom of speech in link to parlieament.
Peter Wentworth was arrested three times for arguing that they should have free speech.
Explain crime and poverty in link to parliament.
MPs recognised punishing the poor did not work so they introduced poor laws.
Explain MQS in link to parliament.
Pressure Elizabeth into ordering her execution.
Explain monopolies in link to parliament.
Giving monopolies was an important way for Elizabeth to maintain the loyalty of powerful men in England.
What were the causes of the Essex rebellion?
Soon after his victory against Spain he argued with the queen, got slapped on the head and nearly drew his sword and he was sent to Ireland to deal with a rebellion. He failed and agreed a truce with them which was against the Queen’s orders and he caught Elizabeth without her wig on. She refused to renew his sweet wine monopoly so with nothing left to lose, he gathered supporters for a rebellion.
What happened in the Essex rebellion?
In 1601 Essex took 4 privy councillors hostage and marched them to his house along with 200 supporters. Robert Cecil, his rival, responded by labelling him a traitor and many of the supportes left and some panicked and released the hostages. Essex and his remaining followers were arrested.
What were the consequences of the Essex rebellion?
He was put on trial for treason and sentenced to death and Elizabeth made it clear she would not tolerate challenges to her authority.
What was the great chain of being?
God, monarchy, nobility, gentry, peasantry and animals/plants.
What happened to the gentry in Elizabeth’s reign?
They held more of the wealth and they could make money by trade.
Who was a popular actor?
Richard Burbage.
Who was a popular playwriter?
Shakespeare.
Who were the plays performed by?
Troupes named after the people who funded them. Like the Lord Chamberlain’s Men.
Why was theatre so popular?
.Affordable
.New and exciting
.It was a social event
.Entertaining and relevant to the time(some plays carried political messages)
What was the opposition to theatres?
Puritans saw theatregoing as a distraction from prayer and some saw it as sinful. Also concerns that large gatherings may spread disease and they were dangerous places where there was drunkenness, crime and other immoral behaviour.
Some saw it as sinful.
How did art cause the golden age?
Portraits and decorative silverware were popular and symbolic.
How did exploration cause the golden age?
Europeans discovered new lands and new peoples and england became a major world power.
How did theatre cause a golden age?
Theatre became popular with all levels of society and the first permanent theatres were built.
How did buildings cause the golden age?
Many great homes were built and homes were not built with defence in mind.
How did science and nature cause the golden age?
Significant breakthroughs in navigation, astronomy and improved printing presses allowed new ideas to spread quickly.
How did peace, power and pride cause the golden age?
Elizabeth brought stability and security to the country.