[ELEX] MICROPROCCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS Flashcards
A system must have at least one input, one output and must do something.
System
is a programmable, multipurpose, clock-driven, register-based electronic device that reads binary instructions, accepts binary data as input and processes data according to these instructions and provides result as ouput.
Microprocessor
It performs all processes related to arithmetic and logic operations that need to be done on instruction words.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
This is basically addition and subtraction.
Arithmetic Operations
This includes NOR, NOT, OR, XOR etc.
Logic Operations
This entails shifting the position of bits by a certain number of places to either the right or left, which is considered a multiplication operation.
Bit Shifting Operations
It happens when the largest number that a device can hold is exceeded.
Overflow Error
are storage areas inside the microprocessor
Registers
Holds the memory location of data that needs to be accessed
Memory Address Registers
Holds data that is being transferred to or from memory
Memory Data Registers
Contains the current instruction during processing
Current Instruction Registers
Where intermediate arithmetic and logic results are stored
Accumulator
Contains the address if the next instruction to be executed
Program Counter
The code where all successive numbers differ from their preceding number by single bit is ____________
Gray
Typical operating voltages of microprocessors are:
3.3V and 5V
8085 is a/an ____-bit microproccessor
8
The circuits in the 8085A that provide the arithmetic and logic functions are called the:
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
It is a special-purpose register of microprocessor.
Program Counter
Single-bit indicators that may be set or cleared to show the results of logical or arithmetic operations are the:
Flag
A register in the microprocessor that keeps track of the answer or results of any arithmetic or logic operation is the:
Accumulator
It stores bulk of data or information
Memory
It stores binary data in arrays. The data can be addressed from anywhere in the matrix. It is sometimes called a read/write memory.
Random Access Memory
Holds its values as long as power is on. Access times are very fast and it requires more components to do this, so it is more expensive and larger.
Static RAM
Uses passive components that hold data values for only a few fractions of a second. It has low power consumption and cheaper price but slower access time.
Dynamic RAM
For address inputs, where 11 address lines give 2^11 = 2K
A0-A10
For reading data out of SRAM (active low)
Output Enable
is used to select the memory chip
Chip Select
are for data I/O, where 8-bit data lines give an organixation of 2K x 8
I/O0-I/O7
are for address inputs, where 9 address lines, thus 2^(9x2) = 256K
A0-A8
sent by the processor to a DRAM circuit to activate a column address
Column Address Strobe
sent by the processor to a DRAM circuit to activate a row address
Row Address Strobe
used to store information on a more-or-less permanent basis
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
What does these stand for?
PROM:
EPROM:
UVPROM:
EEPROM:
Programmable ROM
Erasable Programmable ROM
Ultraviolet PROM
Electrically EPROM
A0-A12
For writing data into SRAM (active low)
Write Enable
For writing data into SRAM (active low)
Write Enable
For writing data into SRAM (active low)
Write Enable
