[ELEX] MICROELECTRONICS Flashcards
It is defined as that area of technology associated with and applied to the realization of electronic systems made of extremely small electronic parts or elements.
MICROELECTRONICS
First Computer; also known as “The Counting Frame”
ABACUS
First Mechanical Computer
PASCALINE
First Digital Computer
Atanasoff-Berry Computer and Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)
Vacuum Tubes Era
1925
What component was invented in 1947 and who invented it?
Point Contact Transistors by Walter Brattain, John Bardeen, and William Shockley, Bell Labs
What component was invented in 1949 and who invented it?
Bipolar Junction Transistors by William Shockley, Bell Labs
When did Bell Labs patented the Transistor Tech?
1952
An elementary electronic device constructed as a single unit.
Discrete Electronic Circuits
When did Texas Instruments produce the first commercial silicon transistor?
1954
What was invented in 1958 and who invented it?
Jack Kilby’s Integrated Circuit
What was invented in 1958 and who invented it?
Robert Noyce’s Integrated Circuit
It consists of elements inseparably associated and formed on or within a single substrate.
Microchip
It is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.
Integrated Circuit
What is the first microprocessor and when was it invented?
Intel 4004 ; 1971
What is the first 32-bit microprocessor and when was it invented?
Intel 80386 ; 1978
What is the first microprocessor with 1 million transistors and when was it invented?
Intel 486; 1989
How many gates per chip are there in a Small Scale Integration?
Less than 12 gates per chip
How many gates per chip are there in a Medium Scale Integration?
between 12-100 gates per chip
How many gates per chip are there in a Large Scale Integration?
more than 100 gates per chip
How many gates per chip are there in a Very Large Scale Integration?
excess of 100,000 gates per chip
How many gates per chip are there in an Ultra Large Scale Integration?
more than 1 million gates per chip
It is a law that states, “The number of transistors on a microchip doubles every two years, though the cost of computers is halved.” and who said it?
Moore’s Law by Gordon Moore
It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.
Artificial Intelligence
It is used in circuits that could add, subtract, multiply, and even solve differential equations.
Operational Amplifiers
What are the basic parts of an operational amplifier?
Differential Amplifier
Voltage Amplifier
Push-Pull Amplifier
It consists of two transistors in which one is NPN and another is PNP. It also supplies high power to the load.
Power Amplifier
It is the maximum rate at which amplifier output can change in volts per microsecond.
Slew Rate
It is the DC current required by the inputs of the amplifier to properly operate the first stage.
Input Bias Current
It is the difference of the input bias currents, expressed as an absolute value.
Input Offset Current
It is defined as the input voltage that would produce the same output error voltage in a perfect differential amplifier.
Input Offset Voltage
It is the frequency of signal at which the voltage gain is 1. Also called as Unity Gain Bandwidth
Unity Gain Frequency
are relaxation oscillator circuits that oscillate between high and low-level states at the output. It also uses two active components coupled in such a way that one is conducting, while the other is cut-off
Multivibrators
A type of state that will not change unless the circuit is disturbed.
Stable State
A type of state that remains unchanged for only certain period of time.
Quasi-Stable State
It has 2 stable states and no quasi-stable state.
Bistable
Also known as One-Shot Multivibrator with 1 stable state and 1 quasi-stable state.
Monostable
It has no stable-state but has 2 quasi-stable state. Also known as “Free-Running”
Astable
A differentiator is used to measure:
A. The sum of the input voltage
B. The difference of the input voltages
C. The area under the curve
D. The rate of change of the input voltages
D. The rate of change of the input voltages
Ideally, the value of the CMRR is ________. Practically, the _________ the value of CMRR, the better the circuit operation.
A. Zero, smaller.
B. Infinite, larger
C. infinite, smaller
D. Zero, larger
B. Infinite, larger
The integrated circuit was invented at Texas Instrument in 1958 by
A. Jonathan Kurtz
B. James Faug
C. Jack Kilby
D. Harold Lanche
C. Jack Kilby
Which component cannot be fabricated into ICs?
A. Diode
B. Resistor
C. Inductor
D. Transistor
C. Inductor
Which integrated circuit is having 10 to 100 gates?
A. Small-scale Integration (SSI)
B. Medium-scale Integration (MSI)
C. Large-scale Integration (LSI)
D. Very large-scale integration (VLSI)
B. Medium-scale Integration (MSI)
What is the typical input resistance of the op-amp amplifier when measured under open loop?
A. 2 M(ohms)
B. 3 M(ohms)
C. 1.5 M(ohms)
D. 2.5 M(ohms)
A. 2 M(ohms)
TRUE OR FALSE: A good op-amp has low voltage gain, low output impedance, and high input impedance.
FALSE because it should have HIGH VOLTAGE GAIN
