elements of a crime

Question 1

what is the case that shows involuntary actions?

Answer 1

Bratty v Attorney General for Northern Ireland

Question 2

what 3 scenarios did Hill v Baxter give when d’s actions would be involuntary?

Answer 2

-stung by a swarm of bees whilst driving
-being hit in the head with a stone whilst driving
-having a heart attack when driving

Question 3

what is the general rule for an omission?

Answer 3

you will not be responsible for not acting unless you have a duty to act

Question 4

what are the 5 types of duty to act?

Answer 4

-contractual
-relationship
-assuming responsibility
-public office
-creating a dangerous situation

Question 5

what is the case for contractual duty?

Answer 5

R v Pittwood

Question 6

what is the case for relationship?

Answer 6

Gibbons and Proctor

Question 7

what is the case for assuming responsibility?

Answer 7

Stone and Dobinson

Question 8

what is the case for public office?

Answer 8

R v Dytham

Question 9

what is the case for creating a dangerous situation?

Answer 9

R v Miller or DPP v Santana Bermudez

Question 10

what is the case for palpably wrong?

Answer 10

R v Jordan