Elements and Ions Flashcards
How do H- & OH- ions impact pH?
When considering enzymes and proteins denaturing, these ions increase heart rate and the Bohr effect on haemoglobin. HCO3- provides a source of carbon dioxide to plants when dissolved in solution, but in humans it lowers the pH.
Where are Cl- ions mentioned?
Their inhibitory effect at a synapse. It provides a negative charge to balance positive Na+ and K+ ions in cells.
Where are K+ and Na+ ions mentioned?
Na+ is involved in the co-transport of glucose and amino acids and reabsoption of water in the kidneys.
They are both relavent in the resting/action potential in the nervous systems.
K+ is involved in stomatal closing and opening.
What compound or molecule is PO43- (phosphate ion) a part of and where is it relevant?
It is a component of DNA and ATP.
This is relevant to DNA, RNA and ATP structure.
It is also involved in the formation of phospholipids.
What are NH4+ (ammonium) ions a result of?
They are a result of decay of amino acids in decomposition and deamination of the nitrogen cycle. Bacteria convert ammonium ions into nitrate ions.
What are NO3- (nitrate) ions absorbed by and what are they essential for?
They are mineral ions absorbed by plant root hair cells and are essential for the creation of amino acids and nucleic acids.
What are Ca2+ (calcium) ions involved in?
They are involved in both synaptic transmissions and muscle contractions.
What does HC03- do?
HCO3- provides a source of carbon dioxide to plants when dissolved in solution, but in humans it lowers the pH, helping to maintain it.
What are H+ ions involved in?
They are involved in chemiosmosis, pH determination and catalysis of reactions.
