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NEBOSH GC2 Revision Notes > Element 5:- Physical and psychological hazards > Flashcards

Element 5:- Physical and psychological hazards Flashcards

1
Q

what’s Ergonomics?

A

study of the relationship between workers and their environment, work equipment and work task.

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2
Q

what’s WRULDs ?

A

Work Related Upper Limb Disorders

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3
Q

Causes of WRULDs

A
  • Repetitive finger, hand or arm movements
  • Twisting movements
  • Squeezing
  • Hammering
  • Pushing, pulling or reaching movements
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4
Q

symptoms of WRULDs

A
  • Numbness in fingers
  • Pains in hands or arms
  • Restriction of joint movement
  • Soft tissue swelling
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5
Q

Factors to be considered during risk assessment

A
  • Force exerted
  • Frequency and duration of operation
  • Repetition of movement without rest or recovery
  • Posture
  • Constraints on space
  • Environment

Improve above plus:-
• Mechanise task
• Use correct tools and equipment

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6
Q

what’s (DSEs)

A

Display Screen Equipment

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7
Q

Health effects:

A
  • Upper limb pains and discomfort
  • Eye and eyesight effects
  • Epilepsy
  • Radiation effects on pregnant women
  • Fatigue and stress
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8
Q

Workstation requirements:

A
  • Adequate lighting
  • Minimum noise
  • Ample legroom
  • Suitable screen at eye level
  • Suitable softwear
  • Keyboard
  • Work surface
  • Suitable work chair
  • Footrest if necessary
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9
Q

Health effects of remaining seated for a long time:

A
  • Vertebral and muscular damage
  • High blood pressure
  • Circulation problems
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10
Q

Suitable Seat for sedentary workers

A
  • Good lumbar support
  • Good width and depth
  • Ability to adjust seat back and height
  • Stable base
  • Ability to swivel
  • Provision of arm rests
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11
Q

Welfare and Environment issues:

-Welfare

A
  • Sufficient toilets
  • Washing facilities
  • Eating and changing facilities
  • Clothing storage
  • Seating
  • Rest areas
  • Arrangements for non-smokers
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12
Q

Welfare and Environment issues:

- Working environment

A
  • Temperature
  • Ventilation
  • Lighting
  • Room dimensions
  • Suitable work stations and seating
  • Weather protection for outdoor workstations
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13
Q

Welfare and Environment issues:

-Health effects of poor lighting

A
  • Eye strain
  • Headaches
  • Poor posture
  • Tripping over unseen objects
  • Increased likelihood of human error
  • Increased time to vacate work area
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14
Q

Factors to consider when assessing adequacy of lighting:

A
  • The tasks being undertaking
  • The size and layout of the work area
  • The equipment used
  • Availability of natural light
  • Shift times/work patterns
  • Suitable number of artificial light
  • Contrast levels
  • Glare
  • Areas in shadow
  • Need for localised lighting
  • Maintenance of lighting
  • Adequate emergency lighting
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15
Q

Noise terminology- WHAT IS:

  • FREQUENCY
  • INTENSITY
  • DECIBEL
  • ‘A’ WEIGHTING
A

Frequency:- The number of wave fronts assign a point in one second measured in Hertz

Intensity:- The loudness of the noise

Decibel:- The sound pressure level

“A” Weighting:- A filter in the noise meter that equates the noise to how the human ear perceives the noise

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16
Q

ACUTE HEARING DAMAGE

A

Stress
Temporary threshold shift
Temporary tinnitus
Blast deafness

17
Q

CHRONIC HEARING DAMAGE

A

Noise induced hearing loss
Permanent threshold shift
Permanent tinnitus
Prebyacusis

18
Q

Noise Control:

-Source

A
  • Design
  • Damping
  • Isolate
  • Maintenance
19
Q

Noise Control:

-Path

A
  • Screens and barriers
  • Enclosure
  • Absorption
  • Silencer
20
Q

NOISE CONTROL:

-The Person

A
  • Distance
    • Time exposed
    • Information and training
21
Q

Limitations on Personal Hearing Protection

A
  • Not worn correctly
  • Not fitted correctly
  • Not properly maintained
  • Uncomfortable or inconvenient to wear
  • Needs constant management commitment
  • May introduce secondary risks
22
Q

Hand-Arm Vibration:

-Health Effects

A
  • Tingling in the hands and extremities
  • Numbness and blanching of the fingers
  • Swollen painful joints
  • Reduction in manual dexterity
  • Reduction in the sensation of touch
23
Q

hand-arm vibration:

  • Elimination
  • Reduce the degree of vibration
A
  • Select low vibration equipment
  • Select ergonomically designed equipment
  • Maintenance of equipment
  • Reduce grip and push force with work equipment
  • Reduce the time workers exposed
  • Introduce health surveillance
  • Gloves and heated pads
  • Information and training on the nature of risks
24
Q

Work in a Hot Environment: Health effects :

A
  • Skin burns
  • Cataracts
  • Dehydration
  • Heat cramps
  • Headaches
  • Fainting
25
Q

Work in a Hot Environment: -Control Measures / Precautions

A
  • Medical pre-selection
  • Acclimatisation
  • Limit time of exposure
  • Cold drinks
  • PPE
26
Q

Work in Cold Environment: Health effects & precautions

A
  • Hypothermia
  • Loss of concentration
  • Shivering
  • Frost bite
Precautions
•	Medical pre-selection
•	Acclimatisation
•	Limit time of exposure
•	Hot drinks
•	Insulated clothing
27
Q

Radiation (Non-Ionising)

A

Type: Use in Industry:

  • Infrared Heating and brazing
  • Lasers Cutting, Bar code readers
  • Microwaves Food preparation, Signal transmission
  • Ultra-violet Welding
28
Q

Health effects of Radiation (Non-Ionising):

A
  • Burns
  • Reddening of the skin
  • Cataracts
  • Arc eye
  • Temporary sterility
29
Q

Ionising Radiation: types + use

A

Type: Use in Industry:

  • Alpha Smoke detectors
  • Beta Thickness testing
  • Gamma Non-Destructive testing
  • X-Ray Medical
  • Neutron By product nuclear fission
30
Q

Ionising Radiation:

A

Acute effects from high dose: Chronic Effects:

-Reddening of the skin Cancers
-Radiation sickness, Nausea, Sterility
Vomiting, Diarrhoea
-Hair loss Hereditary defects
-Death Effects on unborn
children

31
Q

radiation : Control Measures

A
  • Time
  • Distance
  • Shielding
Others
•	PPE
•	Environmental and personal monitoring
•	Correct disposal of radiation materials
•	Good hygiene practices
•	Training and supervision
32
Q

Violence at work:

Occupations at risk

A
  • Taxi drivers
  • Hospitals
  • Schools
  • Cash transactions
  • Delivery/collection of money
33
Q

Violence at work:

Control measures

A
  • Training and information
  • The environment
  • Design of the job
  • Communication
  • Lone working
  • Reporting and recording incidents
34
Q

physical effects of stress

A 
Headaches
Dizziness
Aching neck and shoulders
Skin rashes
Prone to infections
Panic attacks
Raised heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Heart disease
Stomach ulcers
35
Q

Psychological effects of stress:

A 
Increased anxiety
Reduced concentration
Irritability
Sudden mood changes
Inability to cope
Reduced work output
Increased use of alcohol, etc
Poor sleep patterns
36
Q

Causes of Stress:

A
  • Culture
  • Demands
  • Control
  • Relationships
  • Change
  • Role
  • Individual
  • Environment
37
Q

Control measures for stress:

A
  • Selecting suitable employees
  • Training
  • Clearly defined roles
  • Clearly work objectives
  • Comfortable working environment
  • Good lines of communication
  • Realistic work schedules
  • Employee involvement
  • Grievance procedure
  • Impartial investigation of stress
  • Management support

NEBOSH GC2 Revision Notes (8 decks)

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