Element 2 Flashcards
Identify the main risks associated with Vehicle Movements (3)
- Loss of control
- Overturning
- Collisions (Other Vehicles, Pedestrians, Fixed Objects)
Identify what could cause a vehicle to lose control (3)
- Driver Error
- Environmental Conditions
- Mechanical Failure
Identify certain types of vehicle that may be at more risk of overturning (2)
- Forklift trucks (short and narrow wheel base)
- Dumper Trucks (High Centre of gravity and used in rough terrain)
Outline factors which can cause a forklift to overturn (8)
- Cornering while being driven too fast
- Uneven loading of the forks
- Driving over potholes
- Driving with the load elevated, especially cornering
- Uneven tyre pressures
- Driving across a slope (rather than straight up and down)
- Excessive Braking
- Collisions (especially with kerbs)
Outline why seatbelt are so important if a vehicle were to overturn (1)
- The driver could be trapped or crushed between the vehicle and the floor unless the driver is retained in a safe location (ie with the seatbelt)
Identify what types of collision can occur (3)
- Collisions with other vehicles
- Collisions with pedestrians
- Collisions with fixed objects
Identify an area of particular concern with respect to vehicle collisions (1)
- Vehicle entry and exit points
Outline why vehicle entry and exit points are high risk areas for vehicle collisions (3)
- Bottlenecking
- Presence of Blind Spots
- Change in light levels
Outline factors that increase the risk of vehicle collisions (8)
- Driving too fast
- Inadequate lighting
- Reversing without the help of a bandsman
- Blind Spots such as corners and entrances
- Bad weather conditions
- Obstructed visibility
- Poorly designed pedestrian walkways and crossing points
- Lack of vehicle maintenance
Identify vehicle non movement related hazards (6)
- Loading
- Overloading
- Unloading
- Securing
- Coupling
- Maintenance Work
Identify the main categories of risk control with regards to the movement of vehicles (3)
- Workplace Environment
- Vehicle
- Driver
Outline what makes a ‘Safe Working Environment’ with regards to vehicle movements (16)
- Vehicle free zones
- Pedestrian free zones
- Vehicle traffic route layout (one way systems eliminate reversing)
- Segregation of vehicles and pedestrians (separate walkways or separate access doors)
- Speed Limits set by: Signage, Traffic Calming Measures such as speed bumps.
- Vehicle movements managed by booking slots or by banks-men.
- Crossing points
- Good Visibility (Blind Spots eliminated by careful traffic route design)
- Good standards of lighting
- Appropriate signage (alerting drivers of the hazards and warning pedestrians that there could be vehicles operating in the area)
- Barriers to protect structures and stacked materials
- Barriers at changes in levels (ie in loading docks)
- Surface of traffic route (strength, stability, grip, drainage)
- Gradients avoided where possible of not exceeding the capabilities of the vehicle using the traffic route
Identify typical rules for parking a forklift truck (6)
- Apply the handbrake
- Lower the forks and tip the mast forwards
- Remove the key
- Do not obstruct a traffic route
- Do not obstruct a pedestrian route
- Do not obstruct a pedestrian route
- Do not obstruct emergency escape routes
Identify control measures that can reduce the risk of an accident from reversing vehicles (9)
- One way traffic systems to avoid reversing
- Segregation of pedestrians and vehicles or the provision of refuges
- Good vehicle selection so that drivers have adequate visibility
- Audible reversing alarms or flashing beacons
- Provision of mirrors at blind spots
- Use of High Vis Clothing
- Ensuring the area is well lit
- Provision of banks-men
- Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision for drivers and pedestrians working in the area
Outline what makes a ‘Safe Vehicle’ (14)
- Suitable for intended use
- Suitable for the environment and conditions they intend to be used in
- Maintained in safe working order
- Only driven by suitably trained and qualified staff
- Inspected routinely before use
- Where necessary, fitted with a:
- Seat for driver and passengers
- Seat Belt
- Roll bar or roll cage to protect the driver in the event of an overturn
- Guard to protect the driver from falling objects
- Horn
- Visibility aids (cameras and mirrors)
- Audible reversing alarm
- Beacon or flashing light to warn of an approaching vehicle
Outline what makes a ‘Safe Driver’ (4)
- Competent
- Medically Fit to Drive
- Provided with information, instruction, training
- Supervised
Outline what management systems should be established to manage risks associated with driving at work (6)
- Policy (should cover work related driving)
- Responsibility (Top level commitment to policy)
- Organisation (Involving corrective departments ie training department, health and safety department)
- Systems (Maintenance, Inspections of vehicles and qualification of drivers)
- Monitoring (Monitor effectiveness of arrangements)
- Legal Responsibilities (Ensure employee compliance with statutory regulations etc)
Outline what a risk assessment should cover with regards to driving at work (5)
- Identify the hazards
- Identify the people who may be harmed
- Evaluate the risks
- Record the findings and implement them
- Review the risk assessment (Following Incidents, After significant change, periodically)
Identify typical hazards associated with driving at work (5)
- Long Journey Distance
- Long Driving Hours
- Unreasonable work schedules
- Stress
- Weather conditions
Identify the key points of a risk assessment with regards to driving at work (3)
- The Driver
- The Journey
- The Vehicle
Identify the risk factors associated with a driver (3)
- Competency
- Fitness & Health
- Training
Identify the risk factors associated with a vehicle (3)
- Suitability
- Condition
- Safety Equipment
- Safety Critical Equipment
- Ergonomic Considerations
Identify the risk factors associated with the journey (3)
- Routes
- Scheduling
- Sufficient Time
- Weather Conditions
Identify what controls can be put in place to reduce the risks associated with The Driver (10)
3 main categories to check
Competency:
- Check Driving Licence Validity
- Minimum standards regarding endorsements on company driving licences
- References of proof of experience and ability
Training:
- Undertaking specific relevant training on safe driving
- Advanced Training on safe driving
- Assessments
- Training on vehicle safety such as pre use inspections, use of anti lock braking and head restraint adjustment (to prevent whiplash injury)
Fitness & Health:
- Medical Examination and certification is a legal requirement for some drivers
- Eyesight Checks
- Information on company policy with regards to drug and alcohol
Identify what controls can be put in place to reduce the risks associated with ‘The Vehicle’ (14)
5 main categories to check:
Suitability:
- Minimum requirements for safety standards (ie: Euro NCAP crash tests)
- Minimum standards for safety features such as anti lock braking, airbags, headrests & seatbelts
- Personal vehicles should only be used for work if it has a valid regulatory certificate (such as an MOT cert)
Condition:
- Maintained in accordance with the manufacturers recommended service schedule
- Routinely Inspected prior to use (tyre pressures, lights etc)
- Defects reported and corrected where safety critical
Safety Equipment:
- Seat Belts
- Air Bags
- Head restraints
- Other Safety Equipment (Such as emergency triangles, first aid kits, spare tyres & fire extinguishers)
Safety Critical Information
The Driver should know:
- Tyre Pressures
- Headlight Adjustment
- Head restraint adjustment
Ergonomic Considerations:
- Adjustability of seat position
- Driver Posture
This ensures driver comfort
Identify what controls can be put in place to reduce the risks associated with ‘The Journey’ (14)
5 Main Categories to check:
Routes:
- Avoid busy areas/accident black spots
- Select low risk roads
- Avoid Roadworks
Scheduling:
- Avoid peak traffic times
- Avoid travelling when drivers will feel naturally tired 2-4am for example)
- Allow flexibility of deadlines
Time:
- Time must be realistic taking into consideration - route, weather and anticipated breaks
- No unrealistic deadline to avoid pressure put on driver
- Statutory requirements for professional drivers
Distance:
- Minimise travel distances by using other forms of transport
- Not excessive and consideration given to length of drivers day outside of actual driving time
Weather conditions:
Drivers should:
- Have access to weather forecasts
- Be given guidance on adverse weather conditions and when they should not travel
- Be given advice on additional safety during adverse weather
