Element 1 Flashcards
Outline the basic welfare requirements that apply to workplaces (6)
- Drinking Water
- Sanitary Conveniences
- Washing facilities
- Changing Rooms
- Resting & Eating Facilities
Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to drinking water (2)
- Wholesome
- If non potable is available there should be a clear distinction between the two
Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Sanitary Conveniences (5)
- Sufficient number for the number of workers
- Separate facilities for men and women
- Protected from the weather
- Adequately Clean, Lit, Well Ventilated
- Special Provision for Disabled workers
Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Washing Facilities (4)
- By sanitary conveniences, changing facilities and as required in other work areas
- Showers if work is dirty, strenuous and involves potential contamination with hazardous substances
- Have hot & cold (or warm) running water
- Soap, towels, or other means of drying
Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Changing Rooms (3)
- Provided if workers have to change into special workwear and this involves significant undressing
- Adequately lit, clean, well ventilated
- Separate facilities for mean & women
Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Accommodation for Clothing (2)
- Should be clean and secure
- Separate storage for dirty work clothing may be necessary to prevent cross contamination.
Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Resting & Eating Facilities (6)
- Sufficient seating
- Away from hazardous work areas and allow workers to remove PPE & relax
- Eating Facilities provided so that food can be eaten in a hygienic environment
- If hot food is not provided, means to heat up the workers own food
- Separate facilities for new and expectant mothers
- Non smoking areas to protect workers from second hand smoke
Outline the basic workplace environmental requirements (10)
- Space (Provision of adequate space to allow workers to perform the task safely)
- Seating (Provision of seating where work tasks allow, seating should be stable, with a backrest and footrest where possible
- Ventilation (Sufficient supply of fresh or purified air)
- Heating (Temperature dependant on type of work, Minimum Temperature for sedentary work = 16 Degrees C and 13 Degrees C for manual work
- Lighting (Adequate Lighting)
Outline what factors and employer must consider when providing workplace lighting (9)
- Minimum lux levels achieved (indicated by ACoPs and guidance
- Natural light used in preference to artificial light
- Light levels should be adjusted to suit the level of detail required and visual acuity of the worker
- Local lighting such as spotlights positioned above machinery to shine light on critical areas
- Lighting arranged to avoid reflections and glare that might dazzle or temporarily disable workers
- Arranged to avoid the creation of shadows
- Flickering and the stroboscopic effect avoided
- Suitable for the environment (ie intrinsically safe)
- Emergency lighting provided to allow safety in the event of mains failure
Outline the possible health and safety effects of working in a hot environment and describe what each effect is (12)
- Dehydration (Water loss as a result of sweating)
- Muscle Cramps (A result of salt loss through sweating)
- Heat Stress (Where core temperature (37) cannot be controlled causing lethargy & fainting
- Heat Exhaustion (A pre-cursor for heat stroke)
- Other effects (Skin burns, skin cancer, burns from radiant heat sources and contact with hot surfaces
Outline the possible health and safety effects of working in a cold environment and describe what each effect is (8)
- Hypothermia (Core temperature falls below 35 Degrees causing mood swings, shivering, drowsiness, coma & death
- Frostbite (Body Tissues are frozen causing tissue damage, necrosis, gangrene and amputation
- Slip Hazards (Ice on walking surfaces)
- Freeze or burn injuries (Skin contact with very cold surfaces)
Give preventive measures employers can take to protect workers working in hot environments (7)
- Shield Radiant Heat Sources
- Insulate heat sources (lagging pipes)
- Provide good ventilation (Moving air has a cooling effect)
- Provide cool refuges
- Provide easy access to drinking water and isotonic drinks
- Frequent breaks and job rotation
- Provide appropriate PPE with consideration given to other workplace hazards
Give preventive measures employers can take to protect workers working in cold environments (6)
- Protect workers from draughts
- Shield or Lag extremely cold surfaces
- Provide warm refuges
- Provide PPE (Jackets, Trousers, Boots, Balaclavas etc)
- Frequent breaks and job rotation
- Easy access to hot food and drinks
- Scrape, salt or grit icy floors
Give another solution employers can use to help reduce risk to workers working in hot and cold environments (1)
- Information, instruction, training & supervision should be provided to help workers understand the risks involved
Identify the risk factors for workplace violence and give a brief description of each (14)
- Cash handling (Workers handling cash, risk of robbery/violence)
- Lone working (Working in urban areas/contact with public at remote or private locations)
- Representing Authority (Police, Traffic Wardens etc)
- Wearing a uniform (seen as a symbol of authority, workers may be singled out for abuse)
- Dealing with people under stress (People under stress can lose control)
- Dealing with people under the influence (Drugs, alcohol or people with mental health problems can become violent)
- Censuring or saying no (Workers who have to refuse a service or say no ie Bar staff)
Identify some typical occupations which may be at risk from violence at work (8)
- Police
- Hospital & Accident emergency Staff
- Social Workers
- Bus & Taxi Drivers
- Fire Fighters & Paramedics
- Traffic Wardens
- Railway Staff
- Teachers
Identify the first step in managing work-related violence and outline how this may be investigated (4)
- The first step to managing workplace violence is to find out the exact nature of the problem by means of investigation. The extent of the problem can be investigated by:
- Collecting Anecdotal Evidence & Analysing incident reports
- Interviewing staff formally and informally
- Staff Surveys
Identify preventive measures that could be implemented to prevent violence at a central office (10)
- Zero Tolerance policy to violence
- Security Staff
- CCTV
- Security Doors between public & staff areas
- Minimising Queues and waiting times
- Clear announcements about waiting times
- Training for staff such as providing a good service and how to diffuse aggression
- Screens between public and staff
- Panic Alarms
- Pleasant environment
Identify preventive measures that could be used to protect workers conducting home visits against violence (10)
- No Lone working
- Keeping records of past incidents
- Vetting Customers
- Visit-Logging with supervisors
- Pre and post visit telephone calls
- Training (Self Defence, Tension Diffusion, Lone working procedures)
- Always having a means of communication
- No visits after dark
- Parking in secure areas
- Not carrying valuables
Give the different types of substance that may be abused in the workplace (3)
- Alcohol
- Legal or Illegal drugs
- Solvents
Identify the effects of alcohol on the body (2)
- Sensory Impairment
- Skewed Perceptions
- Impairment to motor control
- Fatigue and drowsiness
- Long term health affects - Liver Damage, Brain Damage, Heart Problems
Identify the risks posed to health and safety from alcohol or drug abuse in the workplace (8)
- Late attendance
- Increased Absenteeism
- Reduction of quality in work
- Reduction in work rate
- Dishonesty
- Theft potentially to fund a habit
- Irritability and mood swings
- Deterioration in working relationships
Outline the control measures to reduce the risks from substance abuse at work (8)
- Rules Restricting Access to alcohol in the workplace during working hours
- Statutory Legal requirements such as drink drive laws
- Non Statutory requirements prohibiting workers from being under the influence set by the employer
- Arrangements for random D&A testing (Legal Requirement in some cases)
- Disciplinary procedures for workers who refuse to be drug tested or fail a test
- Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision to workers, supervisors and managers
- Drug and alcohol awareness campaigns
Outline what employers must consider before implementing random drug and alcohol testing in the workplace and give reasons why they must make these considerations
- Must be justified
- Must be made clearly explained to workers
Why?
- Legal issues
- Ethical issues
Identify the typical hazards pedestrians may be exposed to as they move around the workplace (5)
- Slips, trips and falls
- Falls from height
- collisions with moving vehicles
- Struck by moving, flying or falling objects
- Striking against stationary objects
Identify the key control measure which may be used to protect workers from hazards as they move around the workplace (7)
- Use of non slip surfaces
- Spill control and good drainage
- Designated pedestrian walkways
- Fencing & Guarding
- Using signs and PPE
- Information, Instruction, Training & Supervision
- Routine Inspection & maintenance of the control measures
Identify some typical Slip Hazards (4)
Floor surfaces that are:
- Smooth and inherently slippy (marble)
- Wet because of rain, spill or cleaning
- Contaminated with a slippery contaminant (Leaves or fat)
- Covered with frost or ice such as outside pavements or the floor of a walk-in freezer
Identify some typical trip hazards (4)
- Uneven or loose floor surfaces
- Trailing cables
- Objects left on the floor
- People tripping over their own feet
Identify an area of particular concern when it comes to slips or trips and outline why this is the case (2)
- Steps or stairs
Why?
- Slips and trips can occur more frequently here and the consequences can be more serious.
Identify typical hazards that may lead to a fall from height (5)
- Working next to an unprotected edge
- Working on a fragile material above a drop
- Using access equipment
- Using ladders, stepladders, extension ladders or fixed vertical access ladders
- Standing on objects to reach a higher level
Identify examples of:
- Working next to an unprotected edge
- Working on a fragile material above a drop
- Using access equipment
- Standing on objects to reach a higher level
- Next to an open lift shaft or next to an excavation
- Working on a fragile roof
- MEWP or Cherry Picker
- Standing on a box or chair to reach a top shelf
Identify typical hazards associated with Collisions with moving vehicles (4)
- Pedestrian walkways that require pedestrians to walk in vehicle traffic routes such as a warehouse or carpark
- Pedestrian Crossing Points
- Exits that open onto vehicle traffic routes
- Areas where people have to work adjacent to moving vehicles such as road works or loading bays
Identify typical hazards associated with Being Struck by:
a) Moving Objects (2
(b) Flying Objects (2)
(c) Falling Objects (4)
(a) - Automated Machinery such as a spot welding robot
- Unsecured Objects such as a container on the deck of a moving ship
(b) - Ejected parts such as swarf
- Thrown Objects such as a scaffold clamp
(c) - Loads falling from height such as from a forklift
- Objects becoming dislodged such as roof tiles during roof work
- Objects falling from height due to weather conditions
- Toppling, Unstable Objects such as poorly stacked loads
Identify typical hazards associated with Striking Against Fixed or Stationary Objects (3)
- Objects that project onto a pedestrian walkway
- Narrow doorways or pedestrian route
- Low overheads such as pipework or low level scaffold structure
Identify an activity that may make safe movement in the workplace more hazardous due to the nature of the activity itself, and outline why this is the case (2)
- Maintenance Activities
Why:
- The maintenance worker is often locations and situations that themselves are due to a problem such as spillages, damaged floors, poor lighting and confined areas
Identify the starting point for control measures used for safe movement of people in the workplace (1)
- Risk Assessment
Outline what a risk assessment covering the safe movement of people in the workplace consist of (5)
- Identify the hazards
- Identify the groups of people at risk and in particular any vulnerable groups
- Evaluate the risks considering the existing controls, their adequacy and any further controls required to reduce risks to a level ALARP
- Record and Implement Controls
- Reviewed
Outline what an employer must consider when risk assessing safe movement of people in the workplace (5)
- Normal Patterns of Movement
- Predictable abnormal movements (Shortcuts or Fire Escape Routes)
- Accident History
- Impact of weather conditions
- Maintenance requirements of the various controls
Identify control measures that can be used to reduce the risks associated with movement around the workplace (7)
- Slip Resistant Surfaces
- Spillage Control and Drainage
- Designated Walkways
- Fencing & Guarding
- Use of Signs & PPE
- Information, Instruction, Training & Supervision
- Maintenance of a Safe workplace
Identify the factors that will affect the type of slip resistant surfaces a workplace will require (5)
- Number of people walking on floor
- Type of footwear
- Wear & Tear that surface will be subject to
- Foreseeable spills and contamination on the floor such as chemicals
- Environmental conditions such as weather, temperature or sunlight
Outline how Spillage control is best achieved (3)
- Prevention of spills happening in the first place
- Maintenance and inspection (ie pipelines, valves, or taps)
- Behavioural Controls
If spills cannot be prevented in a workplace, identify a possible measure to prevent contamination to walkways and floors (1)
- Use of a bund
Where a pedestrian route is likely to get wet, adequate drainage should be provided, give reasons of why this is the case (2)
- Outdoor walkways may be subject to rainfall
- Indoor walkways may be subject to frequent wetting such as in shower areas or floors during cleaning operations
Identify why designated walkways would be effective in in reducing the risk to people moving around the workplace (2)
- Pedestrians stay within designated walkways
- Vehicles or other hazards do not stray into pedestrian areas
Give situations where a designated walkway would be effective in reducing risk (4)
- Car Parks
- Warehouse or loading bay
- Construction sites
- Workshop
Outline how a walkway might be designated (3)
- Guardrails
- Kerbs & Pavements
- Marking on the floors
Identify typical methods of Fencing and Guarding and in each case outline how they are supposed to reduce risk (6)
- Guardrails:
(i) Designate and give protection to pedestrian walkways and provides edge protection - Perimeter Fencing
(i) Prevents unauthorised access to construction sites and access to dangerous areas - Temporary Fencing
(i) Prevents access to hazards such as potholes etc
With respect to safety signage identify the regulations that they should conform to (1)
- UK Health & Safety (Safety Signs & Signals) Regulations 1996
Identify the different categories of safety signs (4)
- Prohibition
- Warning
- Mandatory
- Safe Conditions
Outline what issues might be considered with respect to maintenance of a safe workplace
- Floors & Walkways cleaned routinely and kept free from contamination
- Spills cleaned up quickly
- Housekeeping routines established
- Inspection of floors and walkways
- Guardrails inspected and maintained
- Access/Egress routes inspected
- Emergency exit routes kept clear of slip, trip hazards
- Lighting inspected/repaired/replaced
- Noise levels kept to minimum so employees can hear instructions
Define working at height (1)
- Any work at height where there is a risk of a fall liable to cause personal injury unless precautions are taken
Give the regulations associated with working at height (1)
- Work at height regulations 2005
Give some professions which would typically require work at height (7)
- Steel workers
- Scaffolders
- Roofers
- Demolition workers
- Welders
- Pipe Fitters
- Painters
Identify the main risks of working at height (2)
- A worker falling
- An object falling onto people below
Give typical injuries associated with WAH (4)
- Death
- Neck or Spinal Injury leading to paralysis
- Brain Damage
- Multiple Broken Bones
Identify some risk factors associated with working at height (6)
- Roofs (Fragile & Sloping)
- Deterioration of Materials
- Unprotected Edges
- Unstable or poorly maintained access equipment
- Weather
- Falling materials
Define ‘Fragile Roof’ (2)
- Any roofing structure not specifically designed to carry loads AND only has sufficient strength to withstand the forces of the weather.
Give some typical materials found in the construction of fragile roofs (4)
- Cement
- Asbestos
- Glass
- Reinforced Plastics
Define ‘Sloping Roof’ (1)
- Any roof with a pitch greater than 10 degrees
Outline why a fall from a sloping roof may result in greater injury and thus poses potential greater risk (2)
- If a worker were to fall on a sloped roof, there is the potential for that person to gain significant acceleration prior to falling off the edge resulting in a more powerful impact exerting more force on the impact area.
Outline why the Deterioration of Materials represents a hazard (2)
- The degraded material breaking when a person puts his or her weight on it
- The material breaking off and hitting someone below
Outline conditions which would increase the risks associated with the use of access equipment (6)
- Incorrectly Sited
- Poorly Built or Poorly Secured
- Overloading
- High Winds
- Overreaching
Outline why weather conditions can increase the risks associated with working at height (3)
- Rain or Ice Leading to Slipping
- High Winds making equipment unstable
- Cold conditions decreasing manual dexterity
Identify conditions which could contribute to the likelihood of falling materials (7)
- Deterioration of structures causing crumbling
- Bad Storage
- Poor Housekeeping
- Gaps in platform structures
- Open, unprotected edges
- Incorrect methods of getting materials from ground level to the working area
Outline the hierarchy of risk prevention with regards to working at height (3)
- Avoid
- Prevent Falls where WAH cannot be avoided
- Minimise the distance and consequences of a fall
When applying the general controls associated with working at height what should the risk assessor prioritise?
- Collective protection over personal protection
Identify typical methods that can be used to avoid working at height (2)
- Good Design (ie erecting guardrails or steelwork at ground level and then craning the steel and rails into place)
- Modifying the work process (ie cleaning windows from ground level with use of a pole rather than ladders
Identify factors to consider when identifying control measure for working at height (11)
- Nature and Duration of work (heavy equipment/time consuming work
- Level of competence
- Training requirements
- Level of planning and supervision required
- Access & Egress Routes
- Suitability of Equipment
- PPE Requirements
- Weather conditions
- Health of the individual
- Need for a rescue plan
- Compliance with the regulations
With regards to the risk prevention hierarchy of working at height, identify physical steps that can be taken to prevent falls from height (3)
- Safe working platform
- Correct PPE
- Fall arrest equipment
Give examples of methods used to prevent falling materials (3)
- Toe Boards or Brick Guards,
- Debris Netting
- Covered Walkways
Identify the key characteristic of any guardrail (5)
- Fully Enclosed
- Robust enough to withstand impact
- Securely fixed
- High enough to prevent people falling over the top
- No excessively large gaps a person could fall through
Identify the characteristics of a well constructed work platform (4)
- Large enough to allow safe use
- Capable of bearing the loads imposed upon them
- Fully Boarded to prevent gaps which could cause tripping hazards or that people or materials could fall through
- Free from defects
Identify some typical defects which could be present on a scaffold work platform (5)
- Rotted Timber
- Large Cracks
- Split Ends
- Large notches cut into the wood
- Long overlaps causing the see-saw effect
Outline what can be done to control the risks associated with working at height (4)
- Avoid working at height altogether
- Prevent Falls and falling materials
- Minimising the distance and consequences of a fall
- Provision of Equipment, Training and Supervision
Outline what should be considered when using fall arrest equipment (3)
- Have 1 or 2 Lanyards
- Have a suitable anchor point
- Be used by competent personnel
- Routinely inspected
Identify the main risks associated with the use of ladders
- Falling off the ladders
- The Ladder toppling sideways
- The Ladder base slipping out from the wall
- Objects falling from height
- Contact with Live overheads
Identify safety precautions that can be taken when using ladders (12)
- Not siting near live overheads
- Sitting on a solid/flat base
- Angle 75 degrees or 1:4 ratio (1 out 4 up)
- Top resting against a solid surface
- Secured at the top
- Guy ropes should be attached
- Footed
- Extend far enough above the working position (ideally 5 rungs or 1 metre)
- Only 1 person using at a time
- Nothing Carried while climbing
- 3 points of contact
- Wooden ladders not painted
Identify the type of work Ladders or Step Ladders should be used for (1)
- Short Duration, Light work
Identify safety precautions that can be taken when using step ladders (7)
- Daily Checks
- Fully Open
- Locking Devices in place
- Use on firm, level ground
- No working from the top 2 steps unless there is a safe hand hold
- Avoid Overreaching
- Avoid Side on Working
Outline what should be considered to reduce risk when using a Trestle (6)
- Big Enough to allow safe passage
- Free from trip hazards
- Fitted with toe boards and handrails
- Kept Clean & Tidy
- Not Loaded in a way to risk collapse or deformation
- Erected on firm, level ground
Identify the main components of an independent tied scaffold (9)
- Standards
- Ledgers
- Transoms
- Bracing
- Base Plates
- Sole Boards
- Work Platform
- Guard Rails
- Toe Boards
Outline each scaffolding component: (9)
- Standards
- Ledgers
- Transoms
- Bracing
- Base Plates
- Sole Boards
- Work Platform
- Guard Rails
- Toe Boards
- Standards - Vertical Tubes used to support the load to the gorund
- Ledgers - Horizontal Tubes tying the structure together longitudinally
- Transoms - Short Horizontal Tubes spanning across Ledgers
- Bracing - Diagonal Tubes that give the structure its rigidity
- Base Plates - Small square metal plates that prevent standards from sinking into the ground
- Sole Boards - Large pieces of timber put under the base plates to spread the weight load over a larger surface area if the scaffold is erected on soft ground
- Work Platform - Fully Boarded Platform
- Guard Rails - Fixed to the standards to fully enclosing the work platform
- Toe Boards - Fixed to the standards providing a Lip to the platform
Identify the Key features that ensure an independent tied scaffold is safely constructed (3)
- Designed to carry its own weight and the loads imposed on it
- Tied to the building or structure it is sited next to
- Erected no suitable ground conditions
- Identify ways in which a scaffold can be tied to the structure it is sited next to (4)
- Anchor Bolts
- Through Ties
- Reveal Ties
- Rakers
Identify the key hazards associated with scaffolds (3)
- Falls from the work platform
- Objects Falling from the work platform
- Collapse of the structure
Describe each scaffolding component (4)
- Anchor Bolts
- Through Ties
- Reveal Ties
- Rakers
- Anchor Bolts - One end of a metal bolt is screwed into the wall of a building to prevent movement and the other end attached to the scaffold structure
- Through Ties - Scaffold tube extending into the building through an opening and connecting to another tube bridging across the opening
- Reveal Ties - A scaffold tube that is coupled to a reveal pin which is a scaffold tube tightly wedged across an opening such as a window
- Rakers - Supports that push the scaffold into the building
Outline Factors that might cause the collapse of an independent tied scaffold (11)
- Overloaded work platform
- Erected on soft ground with no sole boards
- Not tied adequately to the building
- Insufficient Bracing
- Standards not Upright
- Standards bent, buckled or heavily corroded
- High Winds,
- Incorrect coupler used to joint tubes together
- Struck by mobile plant
- Scaffold erected by incompetent workers
- Not inspected prior to use
Outline the limitations of Mobile Tower Scaffolds ( )
- Light duty and should only be used for light duty work
- Have a maximum height (determine by the size of the base)
Identify the main risks associated with using Mobile Tower Scaffolds (6)
- Falls from the work platform
- Objects falling from the work platform
- Collapse of the structure
- Overturn or toppling of the structure
- Unintended movement of the wheels
- Contact with live overheads
Identify Safety precautions for safe use of mobile tower scaffolds (11)
- Guardrails installed
- Not overloaded
- Wheels Locked
- Sited on firm, level ground
- No people or materials on the scaffold when it is being moved
- Care taken when moving so as not to clash with live overheads
- No Climbing on outside of tower
- Erected by trained workers (Pre Fabricated Access Suppliers and Manufacturers Association - PASMA)
Identify what a MEWP is (1)
- Mobile Elevated Working Platform
Identify 2 different types of MEWP (2)
- Scissor Lift
- Cherry Picker
Outline the risks associated with the use of MEWPs (8)
- Falls from the work cradle
- Objects falling from the cradle
- Collapse of the MEWP
- Overturn or toppling of the MEWP
- Contact with live overheads
- Entrapment of the cradle against adjacent structures
- Shearing against adjacent structures
- Unauthorised use
Outline the safety precautions that can be taken to reduce the risks associated with the use of MEWPs
- Sited on firm, stable ground
- Sufficient clearance from obstructions and overheads when operating
- Barriers around the MEWP to prevent it being struck by vehicles or mobile plant
- Barriers to keep people out from underneath the cradle/platform
- Guard-rails incorporated into the cradle
- Fall arrest equipment worn and attached to a suitable anchor point in the cradle (subject to risk assessment
- Not overloaded
- Inspected and maintained as an item of lifting equipment designed to carry people - This will include a statutory examination which would usually be carried out every 6 months
- Use restricted to trained operators only (International Powered Access Equipment Federation - IPAF certified operator
Describe what a leading edge is and give an example of of one (2)
- A leading edge is an unprotected edge that is created and moved as work progresses
- A typical leading edge would be the roof cladding added to a steel framed building
Outline what precautions can be taken to prevent falls from leading edges (3)
- Nets or soft landing system
- Work restraint harness with running line systems
- Temporary barriers at the leading edge
Identify the preferred method of fall protection for a leading edge AND explain why this is (3)
- Safety Netting
- Because this provides ‘collective protection’ meaning it protects more than one person and also does not rely on personal behaviour to ensure safety
If a safety net is used identify key considerations (3)
- Installed as close as possible beneath the roof surface
- Securely attached and will withstand a person falling on them
- Installed and maintained by competent personnel
Describe what a Harness & Running Line system is (3)
- A system involving installing an anchor line or wire that allows a worker to move forward with the leading edge as the work progresses.
If an anchor and running line system is used outline what they must be in order to be used safely (4)
- Securely attached to a suitable anchor point
- Suited to the user and in good condition
- Properly used
- Running line and harness are compatible
- Identify when scaffolds should be inspected (4)
- When first erected
- After any substantial alteration
- After any event that may affect their stability (high winds or an impact
- Periodically (Usually Weekly)
Identify points to check when inspecting a scaffold structure (7)
- Condition of the tubes
- Tying and Bracing
- Condition of the work platform
- Edge protection
- Ground Conditions and the use of base plates and sole boards
- Safe access
- Safe working load
Identify what must be done after a scaffold has been inspected (3)
- Record Findings
- Any defects acted upon
- Labelled with a tag to indicate an inspection has been carried out
Identify work equipment used for working at height that must be inspected (7)
- MEWPs
- Ladders
- Mobile Tower Scaffolds
- Full Body Harnesses
- Lanyards,
- Anchor Points
- Safety Nets
Outline the what is required to keep a workplace safe with regards to the storage of materials (6)
- Storage Areas should be clearly defined
- Separate areas used for different items for ease of identification
- Certain materials and substances should be segregated during storage or in a purpose built storage area (such as gas bottles or other hazardous materials
- Areas kept clean and tidy and routinely inspected
- Warning signs displayed where necessary (eg flammable materials
- Storage areas should not be used for work activities
Outline the what is required to keep a workplace safe with regards to the stacking of materials (6)
- Each stack should be for one material only
- Maximum stack height set (dependant on the strength and stability of the material being stacked)
- Stack should be vertical, not leaning
- Pallets used to keep materials off the ground
- Sufficient space between stacks to allow safe movement
- Stacks must be protected from being struck by vehicles
Identify the safe method for working on a fragile roof (1)
- Use of a crawling board spread across the supporting members of the roof structure - this spreads the weight of the worker over a larger surface area
Give the typical hazards associated with temporary works (12)
- Environmental Hazards such as the weather
- Hazards associated with safe movement through the temporary workplace such as slips, trips and falls
- Working at height
- Vehicle Hazards
- Manual Handling Hazards
- Lifting operations hazards (crane collapse)
- Tools & Equipment Hazards
- Fire Hazards (From tools or hazardous substances)
- Excavations
- Demolition hazards
- Chemical an biological hazards
- Noise and Vibration Hazards
Identify the management controls that can be implemented to reduce the risks associated with temporary works (6)
- Risk Assessment
- Communication & Co-operation
- Appointment of Competent People
- Segregation
- Emergency Procedures
- Welfare Provision
Outline what should be considered when carrying out a risk assessment of temporary works (4)
- Consideration of the hazards created by the work itself
- Hazards created by the impact of the work on the existing workplace
- Consideration of who might be affected
- Special consideration to vulnerable groups
Identify the typical hazards associated with excavations (6)
- Collapse
- Striking Buried Services
- People Falling In
- Objects Falling in
- Flooding
- Hazardous Substances
- Collapse of Adjacent Structures
Identify possible injuries due to the collapse of an excavation (2)
- Severe Crush Injuries
- Asphyxiation due to being buried in the collapsed soil
Identify possible consequences of striking buried services during excavation activities (4)
- Electric Arcing (Burn Injuries, Shock, Burns and Fire
- Gas Explosions
- Flooding of the excavation
- Major Disruption to service users
Give examples of objects which could fall into an excavation (3)
- Vehicles driving too close to the side of the excavation
- Loose Spoil oiled close to the edges of the excavation
- Adjacent structures that were undermined by the excavation
Identify what could cause the flooding of an excavation (2)
- Striking a water main
- Surface water due to heavy rain
Give examples of hazardous substances that could be encountered during excavation activities (5)
- Exhaust fumes from adjacent combustion engines
- Methane or Hydrogen sulphide both produced from microbial decay leaching out of the soil
- Chemicals that have contaminated the soil from previous use of the site
- Unexploded Ordinance
Outline what must be done before starting excavation activities (
- Careful Planning
- Confirm the presence of underground services by using service plans or ground scanning equipment
- Establishing safe working methods
- Trial Dig before using heavy plant
Identify excavation control measures
- Activities managed under supervision of a competent person
- Excavation supports such as ‘Battering’ or ‘Shoring’
- Barriers to prevent people and materials, vehicle and people from falling in
- Ladders for main access and egress
- Ladders must be suitably secured to prevent undue movement and extend five rungs above the excavation to give a secure stepping off point
- Designated crossing points of sound construction to support all types of vehicles and equipment: Gangways should have guard rails and toe boards
- Good Lighting levels and clearly visible warning signs
- PPE specific to the work being carried out: Welding screens, breathing equipment, hearing protection and hard hats which are required at all times
- Identification and marking or buried services and cables
- Safe digging methods such as using a spade and shovels before heavy plant
- Careful positioning and routing of vehicles to prevent objects falling into the excavation
Outline what should be done around inspecting an excavation (6)
- Inspections carried out by a competent person
- Carried out before the start of every shift
- After any accidental fall of material
- After any event likely to affect strength and stability
- Records of inspections kept on site
- Remedial work carried out as soon as possible to repair any defects noted
Give the typical hazards associated with demolition work (14)
- Premature collapse of the structure
- Work at height
- Plant & Machinery
- Contact with live overheads
- Contact with buried services
- Asbestos
- Dust
- Movement of vehicles
- Explosives
- Noise & Vibration
- Hazardous substances from previous use of the building
- Biological hazards from vermin or stagnant water
- Sharp objects including glass or syringes left by trespassers
- Manual Handling
Identify control measures for Demolition Works
- Careful assessment and planning of the work
- Selecting a demolition method that keeps workers away from the immediate area such as a long reach machine or a crane and ball
- Elimination or control of work at height
- Structural Surveys to assess strength and stability of the structure and adjacent structures, propping and supporting may be necessary to prevent collapse
- Disconnection of buried services
- Removal and disposal of any hazardous materials such as asbestos prior to demolition
- Securing the site with fencing to create a buffer zone and exclude unauthorised people from entering
- Damping down with water to reduce dust creation
