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My Nebosh GC2 > Element 1 > Flashcards

Element 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the basic welfare requirements that apply to workplaces (6)

A
  • Drinking Water
  • Sanitary Conveniences
  • Washing facilities
  • Changing Rooms
  • Resting & Eating Facilities
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2
Q

Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to drinking water (2)

A
  • Wholesome

- If non potable is available there should be a clear distinction between the two

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3
Q

Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Sanitary Conveniences (5)

A
  • Sufficient number for the number of workers
  • Separate facilities for men and women
  • Protected from the weather
  • Adequately Clean, Lit, Well Ventilated
  • Special Provision for Disabled workers
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4
Q

Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Washing Facilities (4)

A
  • By sanitary conveniences, changing facilities and as required in other work areas
  • Showers if work is dirty, strenuous and involves potential contamination with hazardous substances
  • Have hot & cold (or warm) running water
  • Soap, towels, or other means of drying
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5
Q

Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Changing Rooms (3)

A
  • Provided if workers have to change into special workwear and this involves significant undressing
  • Adequately lit, clean, well ventilated
  • Separate facilities for mean & women
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6
Q

Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Accommodation for Clothing (2)

A
  • Should be clean and secure

- Separate storage for dirty work clothing may be necessary to prevent cross contamination.

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7
Q

Outline the minimum welfare standards with regards to Resting & Eating Facilities (6)

A
  • Sufficient seating
  • Away from hazardous work areas and allow workers to remove PPE & relax
  • Eating Facilities provided so that food can be eaten in a hygienic environment
  • If hot food is not provided, means to heat up the workers own food
  • Separate facilities for new and expectant mothers
  • Non smoking areas to protect workers from second hand smoke
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8
Q

Outline the basic workplace environmental requirements (10)

A
  • Space (Provision of adequate space to allow workers to perform the task safely)
  • Seating (Provision of seating where work tasks allow, seating should be stable, with a backrest and footrest where possible
  • Ventilation (Sufficient supply of fresh or purified air)
  • Heating (Temperature dependant on type of work, Minimum Temperature for sedentary work = 16 Degrees C and 13 Degrees C for manual work
  • Lighting (Adequate Lighting)
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9
Q

Outline what factors and employer must consider when providing workplace lighting (9)

A
  • Minimum lux levels achieved (indicated by ACoPs and guidance
  • Natural light used in preference to artificial light
  • Light levels should be adjusted to suit the level of detail required and visual acuity of the worker
  • Local lighting such as spotlights positioned above machinery to shine light on critical areas
  • Lighting arranged to avoid reflections and glare that might dazzle or temporarily disable workers
  • Arranged to avoid the creation of shadows
  • Flickering and the stroboscopic effect avoided
  • Suitable for the environment (ie intrinsically safe)
  • Emergency lighting provided to allow safety in the event of mains failure
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10
Q

Outline the possible health and safety effects of working in a hot environment and describe what each effect is (12)

A
  • Dehydration (Water loss as a result of sweating)
  • Muscle Cramps (A result of salt loss through sweating)
  • Heat Stress (Where core temperature (37) cannot be controlled causing lethargy & fainting
  • Heat Exhaustion (A pre-cursor for heat stroke)
  • Other effects (Skin burns, skin cancer, burns from radiant heat sources and contact with hot surfaces
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11
Q

Outline the possible health and safety effects of working in a cold environment and describe what each effect is (8)

A
  • Hypothermia (Core temperature falls below 35 Degrees causing mood swings, shivering, drowsiness, coma & death
  • Frostbite (Body Tissues are frozen causing tissue damage, necrosis, gangrene and amputation
  • Slip Hazards (Ice on walking surfaces)
  • Freeze or burn injuries (Skin contact with very cold surfaces)
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12
Q

Give preventive measures employers can take to protect workers working in hot environments (7)

A
  • Shield Radiant Heat Sources
  • Insulate heat sources (lagging pipes)
  • Provide good ventilation (Moving air has a cooling effect)
  • Provide cool refuges
  • Provide easy access to drinking water and isotonic drinks
  • Frequent breaks and job rotation
  • Provide appropriate PPE with consideration given to other workplace hazards
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13
Q

Give preventive measures employers can take to protect workers working in cold environments (6)

A
  • Protect workers from draughts
  • Shield or Lag extremely cold surfaces
  • Provide warm refuges
  • Provide PPE (Jackets, Trousers, Boots, Balaclavas etc)
  • Frequent breaks and job rotation
  • Easy access to hot food and drinks
  • Scrape, salt or grit icy floors
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14
Q

Give another solution employers can use to help reduce risk to workers working in hot and cold environments (1)

A
  • Information, instruction, training & supervision should be provided to help workers understand the risks involved
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15
Q

Identify the risk factors for workplace violence and give a brief description of each (14)

A
  • Cash handling (Workers handling cash, risk of robbery/violence)
  • Lone working (Working in urban areas/contact with public at remote or private locations)
  • Representing Authority (Police, Traffic Wardens etc)
  • Wearing a uniform (seen as a symbol of authority, workers may be singled out for abuse)
  • Dealing with people under stress (People under stress can lose control)
  • Dealing with people under the influence (Drugs, alcohol or people with mental health problems can become violent)
  • Censuring or saying no (Workers who have to refuse a service or say no ie Bar staff)
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16
Q

Identify some typical occupations which may be at risk from violence at work (8)

A
  • Police
  • Hospital & Accident emergency Staff
  • Social Workers
  • Bus & Taxi Drivers
  • Fire Fighters & Paramedics
  • Traffic Wardens
  • Railway Staff
  • Teachers
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17
Q

Identify the first step in managing work-related violence and outline how this may be investigated (4)

A
  • The first step to managing workplace violence is to find out the exact nature of the problem by means of investigation. The extent of the problem can be investigated by:
  • Collecting Anecdotal Evidence & Analysing incident reports
  • Interviewing staff formally and informally
  • Staff Surveys
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18
Q

Identify preventive measures that could be implemented to prevent violence at a central office (10)

A
  • Zero Tolerance policy to violence
  • Security Staff
  • CCTV
  • Security Doors between public & staff areas
  • Minimising Queues and waiting times
  • Clear announcements about waiting times
  • Training for staff such as providing a good service and how to diffuse aggression
  • Screens between public and staff
  • Panic Alarms
  • Pleasant environment
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19
Q

Identify preventive measures that could be used to protect workers conducting home visits against violence (10)

A
  • No Lone working
  • Keeping records of past incidents
  • Vetting Customers
  • Visit-Logging with supervisors
  • Pre and post visit telephone calls
  • Training (Self Defence, Tension Diffusion, Lone working procedures)
  • Always having a means of communication
  • No visits after dark
  • Parking in secure areas
  • Not carrying valuables
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20
Q

Give the different types of substance that may be abused in the workplace (3)

A
  • Alcohol
  • Legal or Illegal drugs
  • Solvents
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21
Q

Identify the effects of alcohol on the body (2)

A
  • Sensory Impairment
  • Skewed Perceptions
  • Impairment to motor control
  • Fatigue and drowsiness
  • Long term health affects - Liver Damage, Brain Damage, Heart Problems
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22
Q

Identify the risks posed to health and safety from alcohol or drug abuse in the workplace (8)

A
  • Late attendance
  • Increased Absenteeism
  • Reduction of quality in work
  • Reduction in work rate
  • Dishonesty
  • Theft potentially to fund a habit
  • Irritability and mood swings
  • Deterioration in working relationships
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23
Q

Outline the control measures to reduce the risks from substance abuse at work (8)

A
  • Rules Restricting Access to alcohol in the workplace during working hours
  • Statutory Legal requirements such as drink drive laws
  • Non Statutory requirements prohibiting workers from being under the influence set by the employer
  • Arrangements for random D&A testing (Legal Requirement in some cases)
  • Disciplinary procedures for workers who refuse to be drug tested or fail a test
  • Provision of information, instruction, training and supervision to workers, supervisors and managers
  • Drug and alcohol awareness campaigns
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24
Q

Outline what employers must consider before implementing random drug and alcohol testing in the workplace and give reasons why they must make these considerations

A
  • Must be justified
  • Must be made clearly explained to workers

Why?

  • Legal issues
  • Ethical issues
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25
Q

Identify the typical hazards pedestrians may be exposed to as they move around the workplace (5)

A
  • Slips, trips and falls
  • Falls from height
  • collisions with moving vehicles
  • Struck by moving, flying or falling objects
  • Striking against stationary objects
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26
Q

Identify the key control measure which may be used to protect workers from hazards as they move around the workplace (7)

A
  • Use of non slip surfaces
  • Spill control and good drainage
  • Designated pedestrian walkways
  • Fencing & Guarding
  • Using signs and PPE
  • Information, Instruction, Training & Supervision
  • Routine Inspection & maintenance of the control measures
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27
Q

Identify some typical Slip Hazards (4)

A

Floor surfaces that are:

  • Smooth and inherently slippy (marble)
  • Wet because of rain, spill or cleaning
  • Contaminated with a slippery contaminant (Leaves or fat)
  • Covered with frost or ice such as outside pavements or the floor of a walk-in freezer
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28
Q

Identify some typical trip hazards (4)

A
  • Uneven or loose floor surfaces
  • Trailing cables
  • Objects left on the floor
  • People tripping over their own feet
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29
Q

Identify an area of particular concern when it comes to slips or trips and outline why this is the case (2)

A
  • Steps or stairs

Why?

  • Slips and trips can occur more frequently here and the consequences can be more serious.
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30
Q

Identify typical hazards that may lead to a fall from height (5)

A
  • Working next to an unprotected edge
  • Working on a fragile material above a drop
  • Using access equipment
  • Using ladders, stepladders, extension ladders or fixed vertical access ladders
  • Standing on objects to reach a higher level
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31
Q

Identify examples of:

  • Working next to an unprotected edge
  • Working on a fragile material above a drop
  • Using access equipment
  • Standing on objects to reach a higher level
A
  • Next to an open lift shaft or next to an excavation
  • Working on a fragile roof
  • MEWP or Cherry Picker
  • Standing on a box or chair to reach a top shelf
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32
Q

Identify typical hazards associated with Collisions with moving vehicles (4)

A
  • Pedestrian walkways that require pedestrians to walk in vehicle traffic routes such as a warehouse or carpark
  • Pedestrian Crossing Points
  • Exits that open onto vehicle traffic routes
  • Areas where people have to work adjacent to moving vehicles such as road works or loading bays
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33
Q

Identify typical hazards associated with Being Struck by:

a) Moving Objects (2
(b) Flying Objects (2)
(c) Falling Objects (4)

A

(a) - Automated Machinery such as a spot welding robot
- Unsecured Objects such as a container on the deck of a moving ship

(b) - Ejected parts such as swarf
- Thrown Objects such as a scaffold clamp

(c) - Loads falling from height such as from a forklift
- Objects becoming dislodged such as roof tiles during roof work
- Objects falling from height due to weather conditions
- Toppling, Unstable Objects such as poorly stacked loads

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34
Q

Identify typical hazards associated with Striking Against Fixed or Stationary Objects (3)

A
  • Objects that project onto a pedestrian walkway
  • Narrow doorways or pedestrian route
  • Low overheads such as pipework or low level scaffold structure
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35
Q

Identify an activity that may make safe movement in the workplace more hazardous due to the nature of the activity itself, and outline why this is the case (2)

A
  • Maintenance Activities

Why:

  • The maintenance worker is often locations and situations that themselves are due to a problem such as spillages, damaged floors, poor lighting and confined areas
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36
Q

Identify the starting point for control measures used for safe movement of people in the workplace (1)

A
  • Risk Assessment
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37
Q

Outline what a risk assessment covering the safe movement of people in the workplace consist of (5)

A
  • Identify the hazards
  • Identify the groups of people at risk and in particular any vulnerable groups
  • Evaluate the risks considering the existing controls, their adequacy and any further controls required to reduce risks to a level ALARP
  • Record and Implement Controls
  • Reviewed
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38
Q

Outline what an employer must consider when risk assessing safe movement of people in the workplace (5)

A
  • Normal Patterns of Movement
  • Predictable abnormal movements (Shortcuts or Fire Escape Routes)
  • Accident History
  • Impact of weather conditions
  • Maintenance requirements of the various controls
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39
Q

Identify control measures that can be used to reduce the risks associated with movement around the workplace (7)

A
  • Slip Resistant Surfaces
  • Spillage Control and Drainage
  • Designated Walkways
  • Fencing & Guarding
  • Use of Signs & PPE
  • Information, Instruction, Training & Supervision
  • Maintenance of a Safe workplace
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40
Q

Identify the factors that will affect the type of slip resistant surfaces a workplace will require (5)

A
  • Number of people walking on floor
  • Type of footwear
  • Wear & Tear that surface will be subject to
  • Foreseeable spills and contamination on the floor such as chemicals
  • Environmental conditions such as weather, temperature or sunlight
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41
Q

Outline how Spillage control is best achieved (3)

A
  • Prevention of spills happening in the first place
  • Maintenance and inspection (ie pipelines, valves, or taps)
  • Behavioural Controls
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42
Q

If spills cannot be prevented in a workplace, identify a possible measure to prevent contamination to walkways and floors (1)

A
  • Use of a bund
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43
Q

Where a pedestrian route is likely to get wet, adequate drainage should be provided, give reasons of why this is the case (2)

A
  • Outdoor walkways may be subject to rainfall

- Indoor walkways may be subject to frequent wetting such as in shower areas or floors during cleaning operations

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44
Q

Identify why designated walkways would be effective in in reducing the risk to people moving around the workplace (2)

A
  • Pedestrians stay within designated walkways

- Vehicles or other hazards do not stray into pedestrian areas

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45
Q

Give situations where a designated walkway would be effective in reducing risk (4)

A
  • Car Parks
  • Warehouse or loading bay
  • Construction sites
  • Workshop
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46
Q

Outline how a walkway might be designated (3)

A
  • Guardrails
  • Kerbs & Pavements
  • Marking on the floors
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47
Q

Identify typical methods of Fencing and Guarding and in each case outline how they are supposed to reduce risk (6)

A
  • Guardrails:
    (i) Designate and give protection to pedestrian walkways and provides edge protection
  • Perimeter Fencing
    (i) Prevents unauthorised access to construction sites and access to dangerous areas
  • Temporary Fencing
    (i) Prevents access to hazards such as potholes etc
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48
Q

With respect to safety signage identify the regulations that they should conform to (1)

A
  • UK Health & Safety (Safety Signs & Signals) Regulations 1996
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49
Q

Identify the different categories of safety signs (4)

A
  • Prohibition
  • Warning
  • Mandatory
  • Safe Conditions
50
Q

Outline what issues might be considered with respect to maintenance of a safe workplace

A
  • Floors & Walkways cleaned routinely and kept free from contamination
  • Spills cleaned up quickly
  • Housekeeping routines established
  • Inspection of floors and walkways
  • Guardrails inspected and maintained
  • Access/Egress routes inspected
  • Emergency exit routes kept clear of slip, trip hazards
  • Lighting inspected/repaired/replaced
  • Noise levels kept to minimum so employees can hear instructions
51
Q

Define working at height (1)

A
  • Any work at height where there is a risk of a fall liable to cause personal injury unless precautions are taken
52
Q

Give the regulations associated with working at height (1)

A
  • Work at height regulations 2005
53
Q

Give some professions which would typically require work at height (7)

A
  • Steel workers
  • Scaffolders
  • Roofers
  • Demolition workers
  • Welders
  • Pipe Fitters
  • Painters
54
Q

Identify the main risks of working at height (2)

A
  • A worker falling

- An object falling onto people below

55
Q

Give typical injuries associated with WAH (4)

A
  • Death
  • Neck or Spinal Injury leading to paralysis
  • Brain Damage
  • Multiple Broken Bones
56
Q

Identify some risk factors associated with working at height (6)

A
  • Roofs (Fragile & Sloping)
  • Deterioration of Materials
  • Unprotected Edges
  • Unstable or poorly maintained access equipment
  • Weather
  • Falling materials
57
Q

Define ‘Fragile Roof’ (2)

A
  • Any roofing structure not specifically designed to carry loads AND only has sufficient strength to withstand the forces of the weather.
58
Q

Give some typical materials found in the construction of fragile roofs (4)

A
  • Cement
  • Asbestos
  • Glass
  • Reinforced Plastics
59
Q

Define ‘Sloping Roof’ (1)

A
  • Any roof with a pitch greater than 10 degrees
60
Q

Outline why a fall from a sloping roof may result in greater injury and thus poses potential greater risk (2)

A
  • If a worker were to fall on a sloped roof, there is the potential for that person to gain significant acceleration prior to falling off the edge resulting in a more powerful impact exerting more force on the impact area.
61
Q

Outline why the Deterioration of Materials represents a hazard (2)

A
  • The degraded material breaking when a person puts his or her weight on it
  • The material breaking off and hitting someone below
62
Q

Outline conditions which would increase the risks associated with the use of access equipment (6)

A
  • Incorrectly Sited
  • Poorly Built or Poorly Secured
  • Overloading
  • High Winds
  • Overreaching
63
Q

Outline why weather conditions can increase the risks associated with working at height (3)

A
  • Rain or Ice Leading to Slipping
  • High Winds making equipment unstable
  • Cold conditions decreasing manual dexterity
64
Q

Identify conditions which could contribute to the likelihood of falling materials (7)

A
  • Deterioration of structures causing crumbling
  • Bad Storage
  • Poor Housekeeping
  • Gaps in platform structures
  • Open, unprotected edges
  • Incorrect methods of getting materials from ground level to the working area
65
Q

Outline the hierarchy of risk prevention with regards to working at height (3)

A
  • Avoid
  • Prevent Falls where WAH cannot be avoided
  • Minimise the distance and consequences of a fall
66
Q

When applying the general controls associated with working at height what should the risk assessor prioritise?

A
  • Collective protection over personal protection
67
Q

Identify typical methods that can be used to avoid working at height (2)

A
  • Good Design (ie erecting guardrails or steelwork at ground level and then craning the steel and rails into place)
  • Modifying the work process (ie cleaning windows from ground level with use of a pole rather than ladders
68
Q

Identify factors to consider when identifying control measure for working at height (11)

A
  • Nature and Duration of work (heavy equipment/time consuming work
  • Level of competence
  • Training requirements
  • Level of planning and supervision required
  • Access & Egress Routes
  • Suitability of Equipment
  • PPE Requirements
  • Weather conditions
  • Health of the individual
  • Need for a rescue plan
  • Compliance with the regulations
69
Q

With regards to the risk prevention hierarchy of working at height, identify physical steps that can be taken to prevent falls from height (3)

A
  • Safe working platform
  • Correct PPE
  • Fall arrest equipment
70
Q

Give examples of methods used to prevent falling materials (3)

A
  • Toe Boards or Brick Guards,
  • Debris Netting
  • Covered Walkways
71
Q

Identify the key characteristic of any guardrail (5)

A
  • Fully Enclosed
  • Robust enough to withstand impact
  • Securely fixed
  • High enough to prevent people falling over the top
  • No excessively large gaps a person could fall through
72
Q

Identify the characteristics of a well constructed work platform (4)

A
  • Large enough to allow safe use
  • Capable of bearing the loads imposed upon them
  • Fully Boarded to prevent gaps which could cause tripping hazards or that people or materials could fall through
  • Free from defects
73
Q

Identify some typical defects which could be present on a scaffold work platform (5)

A
  • Rotted Timber
  • Large Cracks
  • Split Ends
  • Large notches cut into the wood
  • Long overlaps causing the see-saw effect
74
Q

Outline what can be done to control the risks associated with working at height (4)

A
  • Avoid working at height altogether
  • Prevent Falls and falling materials
  • Minimising the distance and consequences of a fall
  • Provision of Equipment, Training and Supervision
75
Q

Outline what should be considered when using fall arrest equipment (3)

A
  • Have 1 or 2 Lanyards
  • Have a suitable anchor point
  • Be used by competent personnel
  • Routinely inspected
76
Q

Identify the main risks associated with the use of ladders

A
  • Falling off the ladders
  • The Ladder toppling sideways
  • The Ladder base slipping out from the wall
  • Objects falling from height
  • Contact with Live overheads
77
Q

Identify safety precautions that can be taken when using ladders (12)

A
  • Not siting near live overheads
  • Sitting on a solid/flat base
  • Angle 75 degrees or 1:4 ratio (1 out 4 up)
  • Top resting against a solid surface
  • Secured at the top
  • Guy ropes should be attached
  • Footed
  • Extend far enough above the working position (ideally 5 rungs or 1 metre)
  • Only 1 person using at a time
  • Nothing Carried while climbing
  • 3 points of contact
  • Wooden ladders not painted
78
Q

Identify the type of work Ladders or Step Ladders should be used for (1)

A
  • Short Duration, Light work
79
Q

Identify safety precautions that can be taken when using step ladders (7)

A
  • Daily Checks
  • Fully Open
  • Locking Devices in place
  • Use on firm, level ground
  • No working from the top 2 steps unless there is a safe hand hold
  • Avoid Overreaching
  • Avoid Side on Working
80
Q

Outline what should be considered to reduce risk when using a Trestle (6)

A
  • Big Enough to allow safe passage
  • Free from trip hazards
  • Fitted with toe boards and handrails
  • Kept Clean & Tidy
  • Not Loaded in a way to risk collapse or deformation
  • Erected on firm, level ground
81
Q

Identify the main components of an independent tied scaffold (9)

A
  • Standards
  • Ledgers
  • Transoms
  • Bracing
  • Base Plates
  • Sole Boards
  • Work Platform
  • Guard Rails
  • Toe Boards
82
Q

Outline each scaffolding component: (9)

  • Standards
  • Ledgers
  • Transoms
  • Bracing
  • Base Plates
  • Sole Boards
  • Work Platform
  • Guard Rails
  • Toe Boards
A
  • Standards - Vertical Tubes used to support the load to the gorund
  • Ledgers - Horizontal Tubes tying the structure together longitudinally
  • Transoms - Short Horizontal Tubes spanning across Ledgers
  • Bracing - Diagonal Tubes that give the structure its rigidity
  • Base Plates - Small square metal plates that prevent standards from sinking into the ground
  • Sole Boards - Large pieces of timber put under the base plates to spread the weight load over a larger surface area if the scaffold is erected on soft ground
  • Work Platform - Fully Boarded Platform
  • Guard Rails - Fixed to the standards to fully enclosing the work platform
  • Toe Boards - Fixed to the standards providing a Lip to the platform
83
Q

Identify the Key features that ensure an independent tied scaffold is safely constructed (3)

A
  • Designed to carry its own weight and the loads imposed on it
  • Tied to the building or structure it is sited next to
  • Erected no suitable ground conditions
84
Q
  • Identify ways in which a scaffold can be tied to the structure it is sited next to (4)
A
  • Anchor Bolts
  • Through Ties
  • Reveal Ties
  • Rakers
85
Q

Identify the key hazards associated with scaffolds (3)

A
  • Falls from the work platform
  • Objects Falling from the work platform
  • Collapse of the structure
86
Q

Describe each scaffolding component (4)

  • Anchor Bolts
  • Through Ties
  • Reveal Ties
  • Rakers
A
  • Anchor Bolts - One end of a metal bolt is screwed into the wall of a building to prevent movement and the other end attached to the scaffold structure
  • Through Ties - Scaffold tube extending into the building through an opening and connecting to another tube bridging across the opening
  • Reveal Ties - A scaffold tube that is coupled to a reveal pin which is a scaffold tube tightly wedged across an opening such as a window
  • Rakers - Supports that push the scaffold into the building
87
Q

Outline Factors that might cause the collapse of an independent tied scaffold (11)

A
  • Overloaded work platform
  • Erected on soft ground with no sole boards
  • Not tied adequately to the building
  • Insufficient Bracing
  • Standards not Upright
  • Standards bent, buckled or heavily corroded
  • High Winds,
  • Incorrect coupler used to joint tubes together
  • Struck by mobile plant
  • Scaffold erected by incompetent workers
  • Not inspected prior to use
88
Q

Outline the limitations of Mobile Tower Scaffolds ( )

A
  • Light duty and should only be used for light duty work

- Have a maximum height (determine by the size of the base)

89
Q

Identify the main risks associated with using Mobile Tower Scaffolds (6)

A
  • Falls from the work platform
  • Objects falling from the work platform
  • Collapse of the structure
  • Overturn or toppling of the structure
  • Unintended movement of the wheels
  • Contact with live overheads
90
Q

Identify Safety precautions for safe use of mobile tower scaffolds (11)

A
  • Guardrails installed
  • Not overloaded
  • Wheels Locked
  • Sited on firm, level ground
  • No people or materials on the scaffold when it is being moved
  • Care taken when moving so as not to clash with live overheads
  • No Climbing on outside of tower
  • Erected by trained workers (Pre Fabricated Access Suppliers and Manufacturers Association - PASMA)
91
Q

Identify what a MEWP is (1)

A
  • Mobile Elevated Working Platform
92
Q

Identify 2 different types of MEWP (2)

A
  • Scissor Lift

- Cherry Picker

93
Q

Outline the risks associated with the use of MEWPs (8)

A
  • Falls from the work cradle
  • Objects falling from the cradle
  • Collapse of the MEWP
  • Overturn or toppling of the MEWP
  • Contact with live overheads
  • Entrapment of the cradle against adjacent structures
  • Shearing against adjacent structures
  • Unauthorised use
94
Q

Outline the safety precautions that can be taken to reduce the risks associated with the use of MEWPs

A
  • Sited on firm, stable ground
  • Sufficient clearance from obstructions and overheads when operating
  • Barriers around the MEWP to prevent it being struck by vehicles or mobile plant
  • Barriers to keep people out from underneath the cradle/platform
  • Guard-rails incorporated into the cradle
  • Fall arrest equipment worn and attached to a suitable anchor point in the cradle (subject to risk assessment
  • Not overloaded
  • Inspected and maintained as an item of lifting equipment designed to carry people - This will include a statutory examination which would usually be carried out every 6 months
  • Use restricted to trained operators only (International Powered Access Equipment Federation - IPAF certified operator
95
Q

Describe what a leading edge is and give an example of of one (2)

A
  • A leading edge is an unprotected edge that is created and moved as work progresses
  • A typical leading edge would be the roof cladding added to a steel framed building
96
Q

Outline what precautions can be taken to prevent falls from leading edges (3)

A
  • Nets or soft landing system
  • Work restraint harness with running line systems
  • Temporary barriers at the leading edge
97
Q

Identify the preferred method of fall protection for a leading edge AND explain why this is (3)

A
  • Safety Netting
  • Because this provides ‘collective protection’ meaning it protects more than one person and also does not rely on personal behaviour to ensure safety
98
Q

If a safety net is used identify key considerations (3)

A
  • Installed as close as possible beneath the roof surface
  • Securely attached and will withstand a person falling on them
  • Installed and maintained by competent personnel
99
Q

Describe what a Harness & Running Line system is (3)

A
  • A system involving installing an anchor line or wire that allows a worker to move forward with the leading edge as the work progresses.
100
Q

If an anchor and running line system is used outline what they must be in order to be used safely (4)

A
  • Securely attached to a suitable anchor point
  • Suited to the user and in good condition
  • Properly used
  • Running line and harness are compatible
101
Q
  • Identify when scaffolds should be inspected (4)
A
  • When first erected
  • After any substantial alteration
  • After any event that may affect their stability (high winds or an impact
  • Periodically (Usually Weekly)
102
Q

Identify points to check when inspecting a scaffold structure (7)

A
  • Condition of the tubes
  • Tying and Bracing
  • Condition of the work platform
  • Edge protection
  • Ground Conditions and the use of base plates and sole boards
  • Safe access
  • Safe working load
103
Q

Identify what must be done after a scaffold has been inspected (3)

A
  • Record Findings
  • Any defects acted upon
  • Labelled with a tag to indicate an inspection has been carried out
104
Q

Identify work equipment used for working at height that must be inspected (7)

A
  • MEWPs
  • Ladders
  • Mobile Tower Scaffolds
  • Full Body Harnesses
  • Lanyards,
  • Anchor Points
  • Safety Nets
105
Q

Outline the what is required to keep a workplace safe with regards to the storage of materials (6)

A
  • Storage Areas should be clearly defined
  • Separate areas used for different items for ease of identification
  • Certain materials and substances should be segregated during storage or in a purpose built storage area (such as gas bottles or other hazardous materials
  • Areas kept clean and tidy and routinely inspected
  • Warning signs displayed where necessary (eg flammable materials
  • Storage areas should not be used for work activities
106
Q

Outline the what is required to keep a workplace safe with regards to the stacking of materials (6)

A
  • Each stack should be for one material only
  • Maximum stack height set (dependant on the strength and stability of the material being stacked)
  • Stack should be vertical, not leaning
  • Pallets used to keep materials off the ground
  • Sufficient space between stacks to allow safe movement
  • Stacks must be protected from being struck by vehicles
107
Q

Identify the safe method for working on a fragile roof (1)

A
  • Use of a crawling board spread across the supporting members of the roof structure - this spreads the weight of the worker over a larger surface area
108
Q

Give the typical hazards associated with temporary works (12)

A
  • Environmental Hazards such as the weather
  • Hazards associated with safe movement through the temporary workplace such as slips, trips and falls
  • Working at height
  • Vehicle Hazards
  • Manual Handling Hazards
  • Lifting operations hazards (crane collapse)
  • Tools & Equipment Hazards
  • Fire Hazards (From tools or hazardous substances)
  • Excavations
  • Demolition hazards
  • Chemical an biological hazards
  • Noise and Vibration Hazards
109
Q

Identify the management controls that can be implemented to reduce the risks associated with temporary works (6)

A
  • Risk Assessment
  • Communication & Co-operation
  • Appointment of Competent People
  • Segregation
  • Emergency Procedures
  • Welfare Provision
110
Q

Outline what should be considered when carrying out a risk assessment of temporary works (4)

A
  • Consideration of the hazards created by the work itself
  • Hazards created by the impact of the work on the existing workplace
  • Consideration of who might be affected
  • Special consideration to vulnerable groups
111
Q

Identify the typical hazards associated with excavations (6)

A
  • Collapse
  • Striking Buried Services
  • People Falling In
  • Objects Falling in
  • Flooding
  • Hazardous Substances
  • Collapse of Adjacent Structures
112
Q

Identify possible injuries due to the collapse of an excavation (2)

A
  • Severe Crush Injuries

- Asphyxiation due to being buried in the collapsed soil

113
Q

Identify possible consequences of striking buried services during excavation activities (4)

A
  • Electric Arcing (Burn Injuries, Shock, Burns and Fire
  • Gas Explosions
  • Flooding of the excavation
  • Major Disruption to service users
114
Q

Give examples of objects which could fall into an excavation (3)

A
  • Vehicles driving too close to the side of the excavation
  • Loose Spoil oiled close to the edges of the excavation
  • Adjacent structures that were undermined by the excavation
115
Q

Identify what could cause the flooding of an excavation (2)

A
  • Striking a water main

- Surface water due to heavy rain

116
Q

Give examples of hazardous substances that could be encountered during excavation activities (5)

A
  • Exhaust fumes from adjacent combustion engines
  • Methane or Hydrogen sulphide both produced from microbial decay leaching out of the soil
  • Chemicals that have contaminated the soil from previous use of the site
  • Unexploded Ordinance
117
Q

Outline what must be done before starting excavation activities (

A
  • Careful Planning
  • Confirm the presence of underground services by using service plans or ground scanning equipment
  • Establishing safe working methods
  • Trial Dig before using heavy plant
118
Q

Identify excavation control measures

A
  • Activities managed under supervision of a competent person
  • Excavation supports such as ‘Battering’ or ‘Shoring’
  • Barriers to prevent people and materials, vehicle and people from falling in
  • Ladders for main access and egress
  • Ladders must be suitably secured to prevent undue movement and extend five rungs above the excavation to give a secure stepping off point
  • Designated crossing points of sound construction to support all types of vehicles and equipment: Gangways should have guard rails and toe boards
  • Good Lighting levels and clearly visible warning signs
  • PPE specific to the work being carried out: Welding screens, breathing equipment, hearing protection and hard hats which are required at all times
  • Identification and marking or buried services and cables
  • Safe digging methods such as using a spade and shovels before heavy plant
  • Careful positioning and routing of vehicles to prevent objects falling into the excavation
119
Q

Outline what should be done around inspecting an excavation (6)

A
  • Inspections carried out by a competent person
  • Carried out before the start of every shift
  • After any accidental fall of material
  • After any event likely to affect strength and stability
  • Records of inspections kept on site
  • Remedial work carried out as soon as possible to repair any defects noted
120
Q

Give the typical hazards associated with demolition work (14)

A
  • Premature collapse of the structure
  • Work at height
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Contact with live overheads
  • Contact with buried services
  • Asbestos
  • Dust
  • Movement of vehicles
  • Explosives
  • Noise & Vibration
  • Hazardous substances from previous use of the building
  • Biological hazards from vermin or stagnant water
  • Sharp objects including glass or syringes left by trespassers
  • Manual Handling
121
Q

Identify control measures for Demolition Works

A
  • Careful assessment and planning of the work
  • Selecting a demolition method that keeps workers away from the immediate area such as a long reach machine or a crane and ball
  • Elimination or control of work at height
  • Structural Surveys to assess strength and stability of the structure and adjacent structures, propping and supporting may be necessary to prevent collapse
  • Disconnection of buried services
  • Removal and disposal of any hazardous materials such as asbestos prior to demolition
  • Securing the site with fencing to create a buffer zone and exclude unauthorised people from entering
  • Damping down with water to reduce dust creation

My Nebosh GC2 (4 decks)

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