electropherisis and gene probes

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

all genetic material in an organism

Question 2

what does this technique rely upon the principles of

Answer 2

the idea that most of eukaryotic genome is repetative and non-coding

Question 3

define genetic fingerprinting

Answer 3

the number of times a sequence is repeated at different places in their genome compared between individuals

Question 3

what are the three things genetic fingerprinting be used for

Answer 3

determine relationships
variability
forensic science

Question 4

how can genetic fingerprinting be used to determine genetic relationships

Answer 4

we inheret VNTR bases from both of our parents roughly half from each parent. the more bands on genetic fingerprint the more closely related

Question 5

how can genetic finger printing be used in forensic science

Answer 5

dna collected at crime scenes
dna iscolated and replicated using PCR
run on electrophoresis gel if links match person at crime scene

Question 6

Q1.Explain why it is often necessary to use the
polymerase chain reaction when producing a genetic
fingerprint.

Answer 6

becuase the specemin section of dna e.g hair is so small it needs to be repliacted via pcr

Question 7

Q3. Suggest how chemicals that affect the action of
restriction endonucleases can alter the genetic
fingerprint of a DNA sample

Answer 7

chemicals acting on restriction endonuclease can mean desired samples of dna are not required from the cell

Question 8

Q4. suggest how genetic fingerprint of someone with allele for

Question 9

what is one way of determining if individual has a genetic disorder

Answer 9

using dna probes to anneal to humans alleles

Question 10

what is a DNA probe

Answer 10

a short strand of DNA that is complementory and can anneal to target allele

Question 11

describe and explain the process of gene probes

Answer 11

• fluorescent dna probe placed in nylon membrane
• incubates with section of human dna
• if allele present they will anneal and a fluorescent line will appear

Question 12

describe and explain the process of identifying lots of genes at the same time

Answer 12

DNA microarray
- DNA probe attached in rows
- fluorescently tagged DNA probes washed over
- if complementary to allele will anneal
- repeated washing to remove excess fluorescent DNA probes
- place under UV light

Question 13

describe and explain the process of gel electropherisis

Answer 13

• extraction of dna sample from blood
• digestion of dna sample using restriction endonuclease
• pcr used to amplify dna
• flouresent tags hybridised to dna
• dna placed in wells of gell slab
• covered in buffer that conducts electricity
• electric current passed through
• dna fragments negitavely charged so will move towards anode
• move different distances depending on the number of nucleotides they have