electronegativity

Question 1

define electronegativity

Answer 1

a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond

GREATER ELECTRONEGATIVITY = MORE IT ATTRACT ELECTRONS TO IT

Question 2

what are the 3 factors that affect how electronegative an atom is

Answer 2

• atomic charge
• atomic radius (distance from nucleus)
• electron shielding

Question 3

if there is a bond between identical atoms what does this mean in terms of electrons

Answer 3

bonds between identical atoms = electrons are shared equally

Question 4

if there is a bond between different atoms what does this mean in terms of electrons?

Answer 4

the more electronegative atom will have a greater share of the electrons

Question 5

what type of molecule are symmetrical molecules even if they have polar bonds

Answer 5

non polar

Question 6

if the difference in electronegativity is greater what does this do to the strength of the permanent dipole

Answer 6

the difference in electronegativity is greater = greater the strength of the permanent dipolr

Question 7

what is the most electronegative atom

Answer 7

fluorine

Question 8

what is the least electronegative atom

Answer 8

francium

Question 9

why does electronegativity increase across a period

Answer 9

• the same amount of shielding
• atomic radius is increasing
• more protons
  = higher electronegativity

Question 10

why does electronegativity decrease down a group

Answer 10

shielding is increasing
atomic radius is decreasing
more protons
lower electronegativity

Question 11

if there is no difference in electronegativity name the bond and give an example

Answer 11

non polar covalent bond
Cl-Cl
(electronically symmetrical)

Question 12

if there is a small difference in electronegativity name the bond and give an example

Answer 12

polar covalent bond
H-Cl

(partial charges represented by delta)

Question 13

if there is a large difference in electronegativity name the bond and give an example

Answer 13

ionic bond
Cl-Na

(full charges)

Question 14

why does atomic radius decrease when going to the right of the periodic table

Answer 14

This is because new electrons get added to the same shell while going from left to right in a period, which increases the attraction between electrons and protons, thus pulling electrons closer to protons and decreasing the atomic radius.