Electron structure Flashcards
How many electrons can occupy the first shell?
2
How many electrons can occupy the second shell?
8
How many electrons can occupy the third shell?
18
How many electrons can occupy the fourth shell?
32
True of false?
Electron shells make up a model that helps us to visualise something that cannot be seen
True
What happen to the energy as the shell number increases?
The energy increases as the shell number increases
What is another name for the shell number or energy level number?
The principle quantum number n
What is meant by the term atomic orbital?
An atomic orbital is a region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in an orbital?
Two
What are the four different types of orbitals that you can get?
s-, p-, d-, and f- orbitals
True or flase? Each type of orbital has a diffreent shape.
True
What type of orbital is shown in the diagram?
S- orbital
How many s-orbitals can each shell contain?
Each shell contains one s-orbital
Describe the trend between shell number and radius of the s-orbital.
The greater the shell number, the greater the radius of the s-orbital.
What type of orbital is shown in the diagram below
p-orbital
What shape can we liken a p-orbital to?
A dumb-bell
What is the maximum amount of electrons each p-orbital can contain?
Two
How many p-orbitals can each shell contain?
Each shell can contain three p-orbitals
Is there a way to distinguish between the three p-orbitals per shell or not?
Yes; px, py and pz
Describe the trend between shell number and distance from the nucleus of the p-orbital.
The greater the shell number, the further the p-orbital is from the nucleus
Each shell from n = 3 contains how many d-orbitals?
Five
Each shell from n = 4 contains how many f-orbitls?
Seven
True or false? Each new shell gains a new type of orbital in addition to the ones in the previous shell.
True
What is the order for filling the electron shells?
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 4d, 4f
Explain why sub shell 4s fills before subshell 3d in terms of energy levels.
The highest energy level in the third shell overlaps with the lowest energy level in the fourth shell. Sub shells fill in order of incresing energy levels. 3d is at a higher ennergy level than 4s and so 4s fills first.
Why must electrons be shown by opposite spins (as either an arrow pointing up or down)?
Because the opposite spins help to counteract the repulsion between the negative charges of the two electrons.
Describe how electrons fill up sub shells within an orbital.
One electron occupies each orbital before pairing starts. This prevents any repulsion from occuring between paired electrons until there is no further orbital available at the same energy level.
What is meant by the term shorthand electron configuration?
Electron configurations that are expressed much more simply in terms of the previous noble gas plus the outer electron sub-shells
Pactice quetsion:
What is the full and shorthand configurations of electrons for Li?
1s2 2s1 [He]2s1
Pactice quetsion:
What is the full and shorthand configurations of electrons for Na?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
[Ne]3s1
What is the name given to the species that form when an atom loses an electron?
Cation
What is the name given to the species that forms when an atom gains an electron?
Anions
Which area of the periodic table is given the name of s-block? p-block? d-block?
True or false? Despite the fact that 4s fills before 3d, 4s loses electrons first
True
Why does copper not fill 4s before 3d?
Because it is more stable for it to end in d5 or d10 due to minimum repulsion between electrons
