Electron structure

Question 1

How many electrons can occupy the first shell?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

How many electrons can occupy the second shell?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

How many electrons can occupy the third shell?

Answer 3

18

Question 4

How many electrons can occupy the fourth shell?

Answer 4

32

Question 5

True of false?

Electron shells make up a model that helps us to visualise something that cannot be seen

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What happen to the energy as the shell number increases?

Answer 6

The energy increases as the shell number increases

Question 7

What is another name for the shell number or energy level number?

Answer 7

The principle quantum number n

Question 8

What is meant by the term atomic orbital?

Answer 8

An atomic orbital is a region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

Question 9

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in an orbital?

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

What are the four different types of orbitals that you can get?

Answer 10

s-, p-, d-, and f- orbitals

Question 11

True or flase? Each type of orbital has a diffreent shape.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What type of orbital is shown in the diagram?

Answer 12

S- orbital

Question 13

How many s-orbitals can each shell contain?

Answer 13

Each shell contains one s-orbital

Question 14

Describe the trend between shell number and radius of the s-orbital.

Answer 14

The greater the shell number, the greater the radius of the s-orbital.

Question 15

What type of orbital is shown in the diagram below

Answer 15

p-orbital

Question 16

What shape can we liken a p-orbital to?

Answer 16

A dumb-bell

Question 17

What is the maximum amount of electrons each p-orbital can contain?

Answer 17

Two

Question 18

How many p-orbitals can each shell contain?

Answer 18

Each shell can contain three p-orbitals

Question 19

Is there a way to distinguish between the three p-orbitals per shell or not?

Answer 19

Yes; p_x, p_y and p_z

Question 20

Describe the trend between shell number and distance from the nucleus of the p-orbital.

Answer 20

The greater the shell number, the further the p-orbital is from the nucleus

Question 21

Each shell from n = 3 contains how many d-orbitals?

Answer 21

Five

Question 22

Each shell from n = 4 contains how many f-orbitls?

Answer 22

Seven

Question 23

True or false? Each new shell gains a new type of orbital in addition to the ones in the previous shell.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the order for filling the electron shells?

Answer 24

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 4d, 4f

Question 25

Explain why sub shell 4s fills before subshell 3d in terms of energy levels.

Answer 25

The highest energy level in the third shell overlaps with the lowest energy level in the fourth shell. Sub shells fill in order of incresing energy levels. 3d is at a higher ennergy level than 4s and so 4s fills first.

Question 26

Why must electrons be shown by opposite spins (as either an arrow pointing up or down)?

Answer 26

Because the opposite spins help to counteract the repulsion between the negative charges of the two electrons.

Question 27

Describe how electrons fill up sub shells within an orbital.

Answer 27

One electron occupies each orbital before pairing starts. This prevents any repulsion from occuring between paired electrons until there is no further orbital available at the same energy level.

Question 28

What is meant by the term shorthand electron configuration?

Answer 28

Electron configurations that are expressed much more simply in terms of the previous noble gas plus the outer electron sub-shells

Question 29

Pactice quetsion:

What is the full and shorthand configurations of electrons for Li?

Answer 29

1s² 2s¹ [He]2s¹

Question 30

Pactice quetsion:

What is the full and shorthand configurations of electrons for Na?

Answer 30

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

[Ne]3s¹

Question 31

What is the name given to the species that form when an atom loses an electron?

Answer 31

Cation

Question 32

What is the name given to the species that forms when an atom gains an electron?

Answer 32

Anions

Question 33

Which area of the periodic table is given the name of s-block? p-block? d-block?

Answer 33

Question 34

True or false? Despite the fact that 4s fills before 3d, 4s loses electrons first

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Why does copper not fill 4s before 3d?

Answer 35

Because it is more stable for it to end in d⁵ or d¹⁰ due to minimum repulsion between electrons