Bonding: ionic, covalent and metallic Flashcards
What is an ionic bond?
An electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is the strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
What is a metallic bond?
An electrostatic force of attraction between the metal ions and the delocalised electrons.
What is the difference in size between an atom and a cation? Why?
The cation is smaller than an atom because the attraction is stronger due to there being more protons than electrons.
What is the difference in size between an atom and an anion? Why?
The anion is larger than the atom because there are less protons than electrons so the forces of attraction are less.
What structure do ionic compounds form?
Ionic lattices
What holds the ionic lattice together?
Electrostatic forces of attraction
When does ionic bonding occur?
Between a metal and a non-metal
When does covalent bonding occur?
Between two non-metals.
What is a perfect covalent bond? Give an example.
When electrons are equally shared e.g H2
What is a bonding pair?
Shared pairs of electrons.
What is the name given to pairs of electrons not involved in bonding?
Lone pairs.
What is the term given to when a central atom in a covalent bond does not have a full outer shell?
Electron deficient
What is a dative covalent bond? Give an example.
When one atom contributes both electrons in a bonding pair. e.g. carbon monoxide
What is the name given to the structure that metallic bonding leads too?
A metallic lattice
