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623: Physical Agents & Mech Modalities > Electromagnetic Radiation > Flashcards

Electromagnetic Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

What is radiation?

A

The process by which electromagnetic energy travels from source outward through space at a constant velocity

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2
Q

Radiant energy is a result of high intensity _____ reactions

A

chemical

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3
Q

What are photons?

A

Massless radiant energy emissions from the sun

- the energy carrier that composes all electromagnetic radiation

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4
Q

Photons with longer wavelengths have _____ frequencies

Photons with shorter wavelengths have _____ frequencies

A

Lower

Higher

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5
Q

Wavelength

A

the distance between the peak of one wave and the peal of the preceding or succeeding wave

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6
Q

Frequency

A

the number of waves per second

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7
Q

Speed = _____ x _____

A

Wavelength x Frequency

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8
Q

The longer the wavelength of a wave, the ______ the frequency has to be

A

lower

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9
Q

What does the energy equation state?

A

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. Therefore electromagnetic radiation with higher frequency also has higher energy.

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10
Q

In what direction does electromagnetic energy travel?

A

Always in a straight line; however it may be reflected, refracted, absorbed, or transmitted, depending on the material/tissue that they strike

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11
Q

Reflected

A

rays that rebound off the material

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12
Q

Refracted

A

a ray that passes from one material to another and changes its path

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13
Q

Absorbed

A

any photons that are not absorbed by the material will be transmitted to deeper levels

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14
Q

Transmitted

A

rays passing through a material

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15
Q

What happens to a beam of sunlight that passes through a prism?

A

The rays are refracted and appear as a distinct band of color called a Spectrum

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16
Q

What type of frequency, wavelength and on what end of the spectrum should a modality be used to heat tissue?

A

Low-frequency
Long-wavelength radiation
At the low-energy end of the spectrum

17
Q

Describe the wavelength and frequency of Shortwave Diathermy

What is it typically used for?

A
  • Longer wavelength
  • Lower frequency
  • Clinically used for deep tissue temperature changes, increased vasodilation and increased blood flow (such as Hip Bursitis)
18
Q

Describe the wavelength and frequency of microwave Diathermy

What is it typically used for?

A
  • Longer wavelength
  • Lower frequency
  • Clinically used for deep tissue temperature changes, increased vasodilation, increased blood flow
19
Q

Describe the wavelength and frequency of Infrared modalities

What is it typically used for?

A
  • Medium wavelength
  • Medium frequency
    (Just under visible light on the spectrum)
  • Clinically used for superficial temperature changes, increased vasodilation, increased blood flow
20
Q

What is laser (visible light) typically used for?

A

Clinically used for pain modulation and wound healing

21
Q

Describe the wavelength and frequency of UV light

What is it typically used for?

A
  • Shorter wavelength
  • Higher frequency
    Clinically used for superficial chemical changes, tanning effects, bactericidal such as Wound Care
22
Q

The Arndt-Schultz Principle states that…

A

no reactions or changes can occur in the body tissues if the amount of energy absorbed is insufficient to stimulate the absorbing tissues

23
Q

The Law of Grotthus-Draper states that…

A

radiation produces action only through absorption of its energy by the substance affected

24
Q

The Cosine Law states that…

A

the smaller the angle between the propagation ray and the right angle, the less the radiation reflected and the greater the radiation absorbed

25
Q

The Inverse Square Law states that…

A

the intensity of the radiation striking a particular surface is knows to vary inversely with the square of the distance from the source

26
Q

Acoustic (sound) energy travels at ____ speed than electromagnetic radiation?

A

Slower

27
Q

Acoustic (sound) vibrations have _____ wavelengths than electromagnetic radiation?

A

shorter

28
Q

Acoustic vibrations depend on _____ through molecular collisions

A

conduction

29
Q

The more dense the transmitting medium the _____ the velocity of travel for acoustic energy

A

greater

30
Q

Is US an acoustic vibration or a type of electromagnetic radiation?

A

A type of acoustic vibration

31
Q

Which penetrates deeper, US or any type of electromagnetic radiation?

A

Ultrasound

32
Q

When should ultrasound be used over electromagnetic radiation?

A

When you wish to penetrate to deeper tissues

623: Physical Agents & Mech Modalities (17 decks)

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