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623: Physical Agents & Mech Modalities > Diathermy > Flashcards

Diathermy Flashcards

1
Q

What is diathermy?

A

The application of high frequency electromagnetic energy used to generate heat in body tissues

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2
Q

How does diathermy produce heat?

A

Tissues resist the passage of energy and produce heat

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3
Q

Describe electrical fields

A
  • They point away from positive charges and towards negative
  • They never cross each other
  • Always intersect conductors at right angles
  • Stronger fields have closer lines
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4
Q

Shortwave Diathermy uses a frequency of __ to __ MHz

A

10 - 100

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5
Q

Shortwave Diathermy uses a wavelength of __ to __ meters

A

3 - 30 meters

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6
Q

Microwave Diathermy uses a frequency of __ MHz to __ GHz

A

300 MHz to 300 GHz

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7
Q

Microwave Diathermy uses a wavelength of __ mm to __ meters

A

1 mm to 1 meter

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8
Q

Are shortwaves and microwaves ionizing or non-ionizing? What does this mean?

A

non-ionizing which means they cannot make molecular bonds or produce ions

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9
Q

What typically is the intensity of the electromagnetic device?

A

80 - 120 Watts

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10
Q

How can you determine how much energy is absorbed?

A

The amount of heating cannot be accurately prescribed or directly measured. Therefore you must rely on the patient’s report

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11
Q

What are the thermal effects of diathermy?

A

Continuous diathermy heats superficial and deep tissues

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12
Q

Describe the 4 dosage effects

A

Dose I: Lowest level; no sensation of heat
Dose II: Low; Mild heating sensation.
Dose III: Medium; Moderate (pleasant) heating sensation
Dose IV: Heavy; Vigorous heating that is tolerable below the pain threshold

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13
Q

Heating tissue 1 degree helps to do what?

A

reduce mild inflammation

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14
Q

Heating tissue 2-3 degrees helps to do what?

A

Decrease Pain and Muscle Spasm

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15
Q

Heating tissue 3-4 degrees helps to do what?

A

Increase Tissue Extensibility

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16
Q

What are the non-thermal effects of diathermy?

A

Low level pulsed diathermy causes changes at the cellular level, making the cell wall more permeable

17
Q

What are the 2 types of diathermy delivery?

A

Capacitance and Inductance

18
Q

What type of field does capacitance diathermy use?

A

Electric

19
Q

What type of electrodes does capacitance diathermy use?

A

air space plates or pad electrodes

20
Q

What type of circuit is used during capacitance diathermy?

A

series, therefore the patient is part of the circuit

21
Q

What tissues are heated with the use of capacitance diathermy?

A

Ones high in electrolytes, such as muscle, blood, etc.

22
Q

How deep does capacitance diathermy heat?

A

1 cm

23
Q

What type of field does inductance diathermy use?

A

magnetic

24
Q

What type of electrodes does inductance diathermy use?

A

drum or cable

25
Q

What type of circuit is used during inductance diathermy?

A

Parallel, therefore the patient is not part of the circuit

26
Q

What tissues are heated with the use of inductance diathermy?

A

Subcutaneous Fat

27
Q

If there is little subcutaneous fat in the area, how deep does inductance diathermy heat?

A

3 - 4 cm

28
Q

Which tissue has the most resistance to the passage of an electric field?

A

Fat

29
Q

How many currents are produced with inductance diathermy?

A

2: initial current is created within the electrode and the secondary current is produced is called eddy currents

30
Q

Microwave diathermy uses a ___ frequency and ____ wavelength than shortwave diathermy

A

higher

shorter

31
Q

When should you use microwave diathermy?

A

if subcutaneous fat is <0.5 cm thick

32
Q

Which tissue absorbs the most microwave diathermy?

A

bone

33
Q

What are the indications for the use of diathermy?

A
  • Control of edema
  • Pain control
  • Wound healing
  • Neuropathy
  • Bone healing
  • Osteoarthritis symptoms
  • Ischemic skin flaps
  • Cerebral diseases
34
Q

What are the advantages of diathermy over other thermal agents?

A
  • Can heat larger areas than ultrasound
  • SWD is not reflected by bone therefore there is no risk of periosteal burning
  • Little time for application and set-up
35
Q

What are the disadvantages of diathermy over other thermal agents?

A
  • Equipment is not always available

- MWD is reflected at tissue interfaces therefore the formation of standing waves, can form hot spots

36
Q

What is the Absolute Contraindication to diathermy?

A

pregnancy

37
Q

5 other contraindications to diathermy

A
  • Metal implants
  • Malignancy
  • Over the eyes
  • Over the testes
  • Over growing epiphyses
  • Internal organs
  • Pacemakers
  • Electronic devices
  • Metal implants
38
Q

Precautions for Diathermy

A
  • Near electronic or magnetic equipment
  • Obesity
  • Copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices
  • Skeletal immaturity
39
Q

Why use diathermy over US?

A

It can heat larger areas than ultrasound and there is a longer window for stretching

623: Physical Agents & Mech Modalities (17 decks)

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