Electrolytes Cause and Effect Flashcards
1
Q
normal SODIUM values
A
135-145
2
Q
cause of HYPOnatremia
A
- sodium below 135
- sodium loss or water overload
- illness
- taking certain meds
- heart, kidney, and liver problems
- chronic/severe vomiting or diarrhea
- drinking too much water
- hormonal changes
3
Q
biggest thing to remember about sodium
A
FLUID FOLLOWS SODIUM
4
Q
effects of HYPOvolemic HYPOnatremia
A
- thirst
- hypotension
- tachycardia
- neurological deficits may develop
5
Q
effects of HYPERvolemic HYPOnatremia
A
- headache
- lethargy
- confusion
- muscle cramps
6
Q
cause of HYPERnatremia
A
- sodium above 145
- excess or decrease in body water
7
Q
effect of HYPERnatremia
A
cells become dehydrated and shrink
8
Q
normal POTASSIUM levels
A
3.5-5.2
9
Q
causes of HYPOkalemia
A
- less than 3.5
- diuretic therapy
- adrenergic agents or use of IV dextrose
10
Q
effects of HYPOkalemia
A
- anorexia
- nausea
- vomiting
- sluggish bowel
- cardiac arrhythmias
- postural hypotension
- muscle fatigue and weakness
- leg cramps
11
Q
cause of HYPERkalemia
A
- above 5.2
- decreased renal perfusion
12
Q
effects of HYPERkalemia
A
- numbness
- muscle cramps all over
- diarrhea
- ECG changes
- can lead to cardiac arrest
13
Q
normal CALCIUM values
A
8.7-10
14
Q
cause of HYPOcalcemia
A
lower than 8.7
15
Q
effects of HYPOcalcemia
A
- neuromuscular excitability
- paresthesia
- hypotension
- cardiac arrhythmias
- bone pain and fragility in chronic
(Trousseau sign and Chvostek sign)
