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Marie- NUR 280 > Arterial and Venous Disorders > Flashcards

Arterial and Venous Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are arteries responsible for

A

pulses

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2
Q

what do veins have that arteries do not

A

valves

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3
Q

which direction do ARTERIES move blood

A

AWAY from the heart

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4
Q

which direction do veins move blood

A

TO the heart

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5
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening/narrowing of arteries

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A

the inflammatory process by which atherosclerotic plaque builds up on arterial walls

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7
Q

what do arteries do

A

use the muscles in their walls to move blood

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8
Q

what do veins do

A

rely on skeletal muscle to move blood

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9
Q

what are veins susceptible to

A

stasis of blood

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10
Q

what do we hear when blood does not flow correctly through the artery

A

whooshing/BRUIT

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11
Q

what causes uneven flow through the artery

A
  • endothelial injury (inflammation, atherosclerosis)
  • arterial stenosis (narrowing of the artery)
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12
Q

what are our clients at risk for with sluggish, stagnant, or turbulent blood flow?

A

thrombus/clot formation

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13
Q

what are the endothelial lining destroyers?

A
  • lipids
  • lipoproteins
  • glucose (high)
  • free radicals
  • nicotine/smoking
  • homocysteine
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14
Q

what are causes of hyperlipidemia

A
  • familial hypercholesterolemia
  • diabetes mellitus
  • obesity
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • high saturated fat
  • medications
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15
Q

how is hyperlipidemia diagnosed

A
  • review of family hx
  • blood sample to evaluate lipids (lipid panel)
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16
Q

what are teaching points for hyperlipidemia

A
  • lifestyle modifications
  • diet:
    cholesterol <300 mg/day
    limit saturated fat
    regular physical activity
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17
Q

what are causes of hypertension

A
  • age
  • African American ethnicity
  • obesity
  • family hx
  • diabetes mellitus
  • tobacco use
  • stress
  • kidney problems:
  • hypersensitivity to angiotensin II
  • high renin secretor
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18
Q

how is hypertension diagnosed

A
  • listen for bruits
  • 2 BP measurements
  • chest xray
  • eye exam
  • ECG
  • urinalysis
  • labs
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19
Q

what are teachings for hypertension

A
  • lifestyle modifications
  • diet: low sodium
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20
Q

hypertension + hyperlipidemia =

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

21
Q

chronic atherosclerosis =

A

PAD

22
Q

chronic PAD =

A

arterial ulcers

23
Q

what are the causes of atherosclerosis

A
  • gender
  • diabetes mellitus
  • family hx
  • tobacco use
  • HTN
  • obesity
  • lifestyle factors
  • age
24
Q

what is PAD

A

atherosclerotic plaques deposit in peripheral arteries
- most common spot is femoral artery above knee

25
Q

how is PAD diagnosed

A

ankle brachial test LESS THAN 1

26
Q

will pulses be stronger or weaker in PAD

A

weaker

27
Q

will extremities be warm or cool in PAD

A

cool

28
Q

will sensation be present or absent in PAD

A

absent

29
Q

if a clot forms in a patient with PAD what medication will be used

A

aspirin

30
Q

what are arterial ulcers

A

ischemic wounds that form d/t lack of arterial blood flow

31
Q

what are signs and symptoms of arterial ulcers

A
  • pale, diminished pulses distal to ulcer
  • delayed capillary refill
  • ulcers located at tips of toes, heels, and lateral malleolus
32
Q

Arterial ulcers are treated with ____ to prevent ____

A

antibiotics to prevent infection

33
Q

what is Virchow’s triad (*patient needs all three to have DVT)

A
  • venous stasis
  • vascular damage
  • hypercoagulability
34
Q

what is the best way to prevent a DVT

A

COMPRESSION

35
Q

what are signs and symptoms of DVT

A
  • unilateral leg pain
  • redness
  • ropiness
  • tenderness
  • warmth over vein
  • swollen calf
36
Q

what are signs and symptoms of PE

A
  • can be silent
  • dyspnea
  • chest pain
  • tachycardia
  • hypotension
  • hemoptysis
37
Q

what lab is used to diagnose DVT

A

D-dimer

38
Q

what does a d-dimer measure

A

fibrin clot degradation

39
Q

if prevention of DVT is ineffective how can we treat it

A
  • clot buster
  • IVC filter
40
Q

what is chronic venous insufficiency

A

results from damage to valves in deep leg veins

41
Q

risk factors for CVI

A
  • trauma
  • obesity
  • pregnancy
  • prolonged standing
42
Q

what does chronic venous insufficiency look like

A
  • shiny skin
  • dusky color
  • edema
  • poor healing
  • absent hair distribution
  • stasis dermatitis
43
Q

how is CVI diagnosed

A

doppler u/s

44
Q

what is the treatment for CVI

A

compression and elevation

45
Q

what do venous ulcers result from

A

STASIS OF BLOOD

46
Q

are pulses absent or present in CVI

A

present

47
Q

what are varicose veins

A
  • superficial veins that are very dilated
48
Q

what is the treatment for varicose veins

A
  • removal of the superficial vein
  • prevent with compression

Marie- NUR 280 (12 decks)

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