Electrolytes and Blood Gases Flashcards
[Vitamin deficiency] Night blindness, growth retardation, dermatitis
Vitamin A deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] rickets, osteomalacia
Vit D deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency]Mild hemolytic anemia, red blood cell fragility, ataxia
Vit E deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] Hemorrhage or bruising, post-traumatic bleeding; hemorrhagic disease of infancy (prolonged CT)
Vit K deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] Scurvy, vague aches and pains
VIt C deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency]Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Vit B1 deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] Angular stomatitis, dermatitis, photophobia, neurologic changes
Vit B2 deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] Pellagra
Vit B3 deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] Paresthesia
Vit B5 deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] facial seborrhea, irritability, seizures, anemia, vomiting, peripheral neuropathy
Vit B6 deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] Dermatitis
Vit B7 deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defect, neuroppathy
Vit B9 deficiency
[Vitamin deficiency] Megaloblastic anemia
Vit B12 deficiency
[Other name] Vitamin B1
Thiamine
[Other name] B2
Riboflavin
[Other name] B3
Niacin, Nicotinic acid
[Other name] B5
Pantothenic acid
[Other name] B6
Pyridoxine
[Other name] B7
Biotin
[Other name] B9
Folate, folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid
[Other name] B12
cyanocobalamin
The most abundant extracellular cation
Sodium
Most abundant intracellular cation
Potassium
Most abundant intracellular anion
Phosphate
Most abundant extracellular cation
Chloride
What is the major intracellular cation?
-Potassium
-Calcium
Magnesium
-Sodium
Potassium
What is the major extracellular cation?
-Sodium
-Chloride
-Magnesium
-Calcium
Sodium
Osmolality can be defined as a measure of the concentration of a solution based on the
-number of dissolved particles
Hyponatremia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT
-Hypomagnesemia
-Aldosterone deficiency
-Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
-Acute or chronic renal failure
Hypomagnesemia
Hypokalemia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT
-Acidosis
-Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
-Hypomagnesemia
-Hyperaldosteronism
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia may be caused by of the following EXCEPT
-Alkalosis
-Acute or chronic renal failure
-Hypoaldosteronism
-Sample hemolysis
Alkalosis
The main difference between a direct and indirect ISE is
Sample is diluted in the indirect method, not in the direct method
Which method of analysis will provide the most accurate electrolyte results if a grossly lipemic sample is used?
-Direct ISE
-Indirect ISE
-FEP
-Atomic absorption
Direct ISE
The most frequent cause of hypermagnesemia is due to
-Renal failure
-Increased intake of magnesium
-Hypoaldosteronism
-Acidosis
Renal failure
A hemolyzed sample will cause falsely increased levels of each of the following EXCEPT
-Sodium
-Potassium
-Phosphate
-Magnesium
Sodium
The largest portion of total body water is found in which tissue?
-Intracellular fluid
-Extracellular fluid
-Intravascular extracellular fluid
-Plasma
Intracellular fluid
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are key to regulating blood osmolality. Typically, a 1% to 2% shift in osmolality causes a _____ change in circulating concentration of AVP.
-twofold
-fourfold
-eightfold
-tenfold
fourfold
The quantitative relationship between changes in the blood osmolality and the normal expected response by AVP is best described as a (n):
-Indirect relationship
-Direct relationship
-Logarithmic relationship
-There is no quantitative relationship
logarithmic relationship
The sample of choice for measuring blood osmolality is:
-Serum
-Plasma
-Whole blood
-Serum or plasma may both be used
Serum
With increased water loss, burn patients are most likely to also experience:
-Hypernatremia
-Hyponatremia
-Hypomagnesemia
-Hypoosmolality
Hypernatremia
Which plasma electrolyte has the most narrow reference range and is the most strictly regulated by the body?
-Sodium
-Magnesium
-Calcium
-Chloride
-Potassium
Potassium
True or False? RBCs are key for oxygen transport, carbon dioxide trans[ort, and maintaining electroneutrality in the blood.
True
is the difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations
Anion Gap
Which electrolytes are being measured in anion gap
sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate
Phosphate reabsorption is inhibited by_____.
PTH
Calcium is reabsorbed under the influence of _____.
PTH and 1,25-[OH]2-D3
It stimulates the secretion of calcium.
Calcitonin
Where is the majority of sodium reabsorbed?
proximal tubule
True or False. Sodium is reabsorbed in exchange for hydrogen.
True
True or False. Stimulated by aldosterone, sodium is reabsorbed in the distal tubules in exchange for potassium.
True
