Electrolytes and Blood Gases

Question 1

[Vitamin deficiency] Night blindness, growth retardation, dermatitis

Answer 1

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 2

[Vitamin deficiency] rickets, osteomalacia

Answer 2

Vit D deficiency

Question 3

[Vitamin deficiency]Mild hemolytic anemia, red blood cell fragility, ataxia

Answer 3

Vit E deficiency

Question 4

[Vitamin deficiency] Hemorrhage or bruising, post-traumatic bleeding; hemorrhagic disease of infancy (prolonged CT)

Answer 4

Vit K deficiency

Question 5

[Vitamin deficiency] Scurvy, vague aches and pains

Answer 5

VIt C deficiency

Question 6

[Vitamin deficiency]Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 6

Vit B1 deficiency

Question 7

[Vitamin deficiency] Angular stomatitis, dermatitis, photophobia, neurologic changes

Answer 7

Vit B2 deficiency

Question 8

[Vitamin deficiency] Pellagra

Answer 8

Vit B3 deficiency

Question 9

[Vitamin deficiency] Paresthesia

Answer 9

Vit B5 deficiency

Question 10

[Vitamin deficiency] facial seborrhea, irritability, seizures, anemia, vomiting, peripheral neuropathy

Answer 10

Vit B6 deficiency

Question 11

[Vitamin deficiency] Dermatitis

Answer 11

Vit B7 deficiency

Question 12

[Vitamin deficiency] Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defect, neuroppathy

Answer 12

Vit B9 deficiency

Question 13

[Vitamin deficiency] Megaloblastic anemia

Answer 13

Vit B12 deficiency

Question 14

[Other name] Vitamin B1

Answer 14

Thiamine

Question 15

[Other name] B2

Answer 15

Riboflavin

Question 16

[Other name] B3

Answer 16

Niacin, Nicotinic acid

Question 17

[Other name] B5

Answer 17

Pantothenic acid

Question 18

[Other name] B6

Answer 18

Pyridoxine

Question 19

[Other name] B7

Answer 19

Biotin

Question 20

[Other name] B9

Answer 20

Folate, folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid

Question 21

[Other name] B12

Answer 21

cyanocobalamin

Question 22

The most abundant extracellular cation

Answer 22

Sodium

Question 23

Most abundant intracellular cation

Answer 23

Potassium

Question 24

Most abundant intracellular anion

Answer 24

Phosphate

Question 25

Most abundant extracellular cation

Answer 25

Chloride

Question 26

What is the major intracellular cation? -Potassium -Calcium Magnesium -Sodium

Answer 26

Potassium

Question 27

What is the major extracellular cation? -Sodium -Chloride -Magnesium -Calcium

Answer 27

Sodium

Question 28

Osmolality can be defined as a measure of the concentration of a solution based on the

Answer 28

-number of dissolved particles

Question 29

Hyponatremia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT -Hypomagnesemia -Aldosterone deficiency -Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea -Acute or chronic renal failure

Answer 29

Hypomagnesemia

Question 30

Hypokalemia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT -Acidosis -Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea -Hypomagnesemia -Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 30

Acidosis

Question 31

Hyperkalemia may be caused by of the following EXCEPT -Alkalosis -Acute or chronic renal failure -Hypoaldosteronism -Sample hemolysis

Answer 31

Alkalosis

Question 32

The main difference between a direct and indirect ISE is

Answer 32

Sample is diluted in the indirect method, not in the direct method

Question 33

Which method of analysis will provide the most accurate electrolyte results if a grossly lipemic sample is used? -Direct ISE -Indirect ISE -FEP -Atomic absorption

Answer 33

Direct ISE

Question 34

The most frequent cause of hypermagnesemia is due to -Renal failure -Increased intake of magnesium -Hypoaldosteronism -Acidosis

Answer 34

Renal failure

Question 35

A hemolyzed sample will cause falsely increased levels of each of the following EXCEPT -Sodium -Potassium -Phosphate -Magnesium

Answer 35

Sodium

Question 36

The largest portion of total body water is found in which tissue? -Intracellular fluid -Extracellular fluid -Intravascular extracellular fluid -Plasma

Answer 36

Intracellular fluid

Question 37

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are key to regulating blood osmolality. Typically, a 1% to 2% shift in osmolality causes a _____ change in circulating concentration of AVP. -twofold -fourfold -eightfold -tenfold

Answer 37

fourfold

Question 38

The quantitative relationship between changes in the blood osmolality and the normal expected response by AVP is best described as a (n): -Indirect relationship -Direct relationship -Logarithmic relationship -There is no quantitative relationship

Answer 38

logarithmic relationship

Question 39

The sample of choice for measuring blood osmolality is: -Serum -Plasma -Whole blood -Serum or plasma may both be used

Answer 39

Serum

Question 40

With increased water loss, burn patients are most likely to also experience: -Hypernatremia -Hyponatremia -Hypomagnesemia -Hypoosmolality

Answer 40

Hypernatremia

Question 41

Which plasma electrolyte has the most narrow reference range and is the most strictly regulated by the body? -Sodium -Magnesium -Calcium -Chloride -Potassium

Answer 41

Potassium

Question 42

True or False? RBCs are key for oxygen transport, carbon dioxide trans[ort, and maintaining electroneutrality in the blood.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

is the difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations

Answer 43

Anion Gap

Question 44

Which electrolytes are being measured in anion gap

Answer 44

sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate

Question 45

Phosphate reabsorption is inhibited by_____.

Answer 45

PTH

Question 46

Calcium is reabsorbed under the influence of _____.

Answer 46

PTH and 1,25-[OH]2-D3

Question 47

It stimulates the secretion of calcium.

Answer 47

Calcitonin

Question 48

Where is the majority of sodium reabsorbed?

Answer 48

proximal tubule

Question 49

True or False. Sodium is reabsorbed in exchange for hydrogen.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

True or False. Stimulated by aldosterone, sodium is reabsorbed in the distal tubules in exchange for potassium.

Answer 50

True