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MTAP CC2 > Electrolytes and Blood Gases > Flashcards

Electrolytes and Blood Gases Flashcards

1
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Night blindness, growth retardation, dermatitis

A

Vitamin A deficiency

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2
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] rickets, osteomalacia

A

Vit D deficiency

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3
Q

[Vitamin deficiency]Mild hemolytic anemia, red blood cell fragility, ataxia

A

Vit E deficiency

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4
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Hemorrhage or bruising, post-traumatic bleeding; hemorrhagic disease of infancy (prolonged CT)

A

Vit K deficiency

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5
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Scurvy, vague aches and pains

A

VIt C deficiency

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6
Q

[Vitamin deficiency]Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Vit B1 deficiency

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7
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Angular stomatitis, dermatitis, photophobia, neurologic changes

A

Vit B2 deficiency

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8
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Pellagra

A

Vit B3 deficiency

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9
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Paresthesia

A

Vit B5 deficiency

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10
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] facial seborrhea, irritability, seizures, anemia, vomiting, peripheral neuropathy

A

Vit B6 deficiency

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11
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Dermatitis

A

Vit B7 deficiency

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12
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defect, neuroppathy

A

Vit B9 deficiency

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13
Q

[Vitamin deficiency] Megaloblastic anemia

A

Vit B12 deficiency

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14
Q

[Other name] Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

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15
Q

[Other name] B2

A

Riboflavin

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16
Q

[Other name] B3

A

Niacin, Nicotinic acid

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17
Q

[Other name] B5

A

Pantothenic acid

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18
Q

[Other name] B6

A

Pyridoxine

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19
Q

[Other name] B7

A

Biotin

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20
Q

[Other name] B9

A

Folate, folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid

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21
Q

[Other name] B12

A

cyanocobalamin

22
Q

The most abundant extracellular cation

A

Sodium

23
Q

Most abundant intracellular cation

A

Potassium

24
Q

Most abundant intracellular anion

A

Phosphate

25
Q

Most abundant extracellular cation

A

Chloride

26
Q

What is the major intracellular cation?
-Potassium
-Calcium
Magnesium
-Sodium

A

Potassium

27
Q

What is the major extracellular cation?
-Sodium
-Chloride
-Magnesium
-Calcium

A

Sodium

28
Q

Osmolality can be defined as a measure of the concentration of a solution based on the

A

-number of dissolved particles

29
Q

Hyponatremia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT
-Hypomagnesemia
-Aldosterone deficiency
-Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
-Acute or chronic renal failure

A

Hypomagnesemia

30
Q

Hypokalemia may be caused by each of the following EXCEPT
-Acidosis
-Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
-Hypomagnesemia
-Hyperaldosteronism

A

Acidosis

31
Q

Hyperkalemia may be caused by of the following EXCEPT
-Alkalosis
-Acute or chronic renal failure
-Hypoaldosteronism
-Sample hemolysis

A

Alkalosis

32
Q

The main difference between a direct and indirect ISE is

A

Sample is diluted in the indirect method, not in the direct method

33
Q

Which method of analysis will provide the most accurate electrolyte results if a grossly lipemic sample is used?
-Direct ISE
-Indirect ISE
-FEP
-Atomic absorption

A

Direct ISE

34
Q

The most frequent cause of hypermagnesemia is due to
-Renal failure
-Increased intake of magnesium
-Hypoaldosteronism
-Acidosis

A

Renal failure

35
Q

A hemolyzed sample will cause falsely increased levels of each of the following EXCEPT
-Sodium
-Potassium
-Phosphate
-Magnesium

A

Sodium

36
Q

The largest portion of total body water is found in which tissue?
-Intracellular fluid
-Extracellular fluid
-Intravascular extracellular fluid
-Plasma

A

Intracellular fluid

37
Q

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are key to regulating blood osmolality. Typically, a 1% to 2% shift in osmolality causes a _____ change in circulating concentration of AVP.
-twofold
-fourfold
-eightfold
-tenfold

A

fourfold

38
Q

The quantitative relationship between changes in the blood osmolality and the normal expected response by AVP is best described as a (n):
-Indirect relationship
-Direct relationship
-Logarithmic relationship
-There is no quantitative relationship

A

logarithmic relationship

39
Q

The sample of choice for measuring blood osmolality is:
-Serum
-Plasma
-Whole blood
-Serum or plasma may both be used

A

Serum

40
Q

With increased water loss, burn patients are most likely to also experience:
-Hypernatremia
-Hyponatremia
-Hypomagnesemia
-Hypoosmolality

A

Hypernatremia

41
Q

Which plasma electrolyte has the most narrow reference range and is the most strictly regulated by the body?
-Sodium
-Magnesium
-Calcium
-Chloride
-Potassium

A

Potassium

42
Q

True or False? RBCs are key for oxygen transport, carbon dioxide trans[ort, and maintaining electroneutrality in the blood.

A

True

43
Q

is the difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations

A

Anion Gap

44
Q

Which electrolytes are being measured in anion gap

A

sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate

45
Q

Phosphate reabsorption is inhibited by_____.

A

PTH

46
Q

Calcium is reabsorbed under the influence of _____.

A

PTH and 1,25-[OH]2-D3

47
Q

It stimulates the secretion of calcium.

A

Calcitonin

48
Q

Where is the majority of sodium reabsorbed?

A

proximal tubule

49
Q

True or False. Sodium is reabsorbed in exchange for hydrogen.

A

True

50
Q

True or False. Stimulated by aldosterone, sodium is reabsorbed in the distal tubules in exchange for potassium.

A

True

MTAP CC2 (7 decks)

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