Clinical Endocrinology

Question 1

Action of GnRH

Answer 1

Stimulates release of FSH and LH

Question 2

Action of CRH

Answer 2

Stimulates release of ACTH

Question 3

Action of TRH

Answer 3

Stimulates release of TSH

Question 4

Action of GhRH

Answer 4

Stimulates release of GH

Question 5

Action of Somatostatin

Answer 5

Inhibits release of GH and TSH

Question 6

Action of Dopamine (Prolactin-Inhibiting Factor)

Answer 6

Inhibits release of Prolactin

Question 7

Connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Answer 7

Infundibulum

Question 8

[Anterior Pituitary] Cells that secrete GH

Answer 8

Somatotrophs

Question 9

[Anterior Pituitary] cells that secrete PRL

Answer 9

Lactotrophs

Question 10

[Anterior Pituitary] cells that secrete TSH

Answer 10

Thyrotrophs

Question 11

[Anterior Pituitary] cells that secrete FSH and LH

Answer 11

Gonadotrophs

Question 12

[Anterior Pituitary] cells that secrete ACTH

Answer 12

Corticotrophs

Question 13

Target tissue of FSH and LH

Answer 13

Gonads

Question 14

Target tissue of ACTH

Answer 14

Adrenal cortex

Question 15

Target tissue of TSH

Answer 15

Thyroid

Question 16

Target tissue of Prolactin

Answer 16

Breasts

Question 17

What are the thyroid hormones?

Answer 17

(T4) Thyroxine, (T3) Triiodothyronine, (Reverse T3), Calcitonin

Question 18

The most important test of thyroid function

Answer 18

TSH

Question 19

• Useful in assessing the metabolic activity of the thyroid and in the evaluation and treatment of thyroid cancer
• measures thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine

Answer 19

Radioactive iodine uptake

Question 20

Very sensitive marker for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Answer 20

Anti-TPO

Question 21

Positive in 85% of patients with Grave’s disease

Answer 21

TRAb/TSHRAb

Question 22

A gland that produces steroid hormones

Answer 22

Adrenal cortex

Question 23

Which part of the adrenal gland is aldosterone secreted from?

Answer 23

Zona glomerulosa

Question 24

Function of aldosterone

Answer 24

Blood pressure and electrolyte regulation

Question 25

Target site of aldosterone

Answer 25

Kidneys

Question 26

Cortisol source: Target site: Function:

Answer 26

source: Zona fasciculata Target site: Whole body Function: CHO metabolism, CHON metabolism, and lipid metabolism

Question 27

Sex steroids source: Target site: Function:

Answer 27

source: Zona reticularis Target site: Gonads, bones, skeletal muscles Function: Precursor to active androgens; growth and maturation

Question 28

Produces catecholamines

Answer 28

Adrenal medulla

Question 29

Epinephrine Target site: Function:

Answer 29

Target site: sympathetic NS, liver, muscle, adipose (sites of glucose and lipid metabolism) Function: Stimulates sympathetic nerves, promotes glycogenolysis and lipolysis

Question 30

Norepinephrine Target site: Function:

Answer 30

Target site: Sympathetic NS | Function: Stimulates sympathetic nerves

Question 31

What is the other name for Growth Hormone?

Answer 31

Somatotropin

Question 32

An anteric hormone that plays an important role in nutrient sensing, appetite and glucose regulation, which is also a potent stimulator of GH secretion.

Answer 32

Ghrelin

Question 33

is where boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome

Answer 33

Klinefelter syndrome (Hypogonadism)

Question 34

What is hPL hormone?

Answer 34

Human Placental Lactogen

Question 35

[Tumor Marker] Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 35

AFP

Question 36

[Tumor Marker] breast carcinoma

Answer 36

CA 15-3

Question 37

[Tumor Marker] pancreatic carcinoma

Answer 37

CA 19-9

Question 38

[Tumor Marker] gastric carcinoma

Answer 38

CA 72-4

Question 39

[Tumor Marker] ovarian carcinoma

Answer 39

CA 125

Question 40

[Tumor Marker] lung carcinoma

Answer 40

CYFRA 21-1

Question 41

[Tumor Marker] breast carcinoma

Answer 41

HER-2/neu

Question 42

[Tumor Marker] pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma

Answer 42

Catecholamines

Question 43

[Tumor Marker] prostatic carcinoma

Answer 43

PSA

Question 44

[Tumor Marker] urinary bladder carcinoma

Answer 44

Nuclear Matrix Protein

Question 45

[Tumor Marker] Females: gestational trophoblastic disorders, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, hydatidiform mole Males: Testicular carcinoma or seminoma

Answer 45

B-hCG

Question 46

a test that relies on biochemistry to measure the presence and/or concentration of an analyte

Answer 46

Immunoassay

Question 47

an analytical technique used to separate, identify or quantify each component in a mixture. The mixture is separated using the basic principle of column chromatography and then identified and quantified by spectroscopy

Answer 47

HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)

Question 48

A laboratory method that uses antibodies to check for certain antigens (markers) in a sample of tissue. The antibodies are usually linked to an enzyme or a fluorescent dye.

Answer 48

Immunohistochemistry

Question 49

any laboratory technique that measures enzyme activity within a sample.

Answer 49

Enzyme assays