Assessment of Liver Function

Question 1

A disorder described as increased bilirubin production due to increased destruction of RBCs

Answer 1

Hemolytic Disorders

Question 2

Transport defect coupled with a mild UDPGT deficiency wherein only 30% enzyme activity is present.

Answer 2

Gilbert Syndrome

Question 3

Presence of circulating inhibitor of bilirubin conjugation. Called “Transient familial neonatal hyperbilirubinemia”; Treated with phototherapy

Answer 3

Lucey-Driscoll Syndrome

Question 4

Transient UDPGT deficiency; treated with phototherapy

Answer 4

Physiologic jaundice of the Newborn

Question 5

Predisposes a newborn to kernicterus

Answer 5

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

Question 6

Combined hepatocellular hyperbilirubinemia; decreased conjugation; failure of enterohepatic circulation; Interference in bile flow

Answer 6

Viral hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Hepatic Carcinoma

Question 7

A secretory defect. Failure to convey the conjugated bilirubin to the bile canaliculi

Answer 7

Dubin Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome

Question 8

A syndrome due to deficiency of canalicular transporter protein. Dark pigmentation due to lipofuscin.

Answer 8

Dubin Johnson syndrome

Question 9

A syndrome with unknown cause of secretory defect. No dark pigmentation observed

Answer 9

Rotor Syndrome

Question 10

Obstruction of gallstones due to cholelithiasis or tumors that block the bile duct. High urine bilirubin, low urine urobilinogen.

Answer 10

Biliary obstruction

Question 11

is a chemical reaction used to measure bilirubin levels in blood. More specifically, it determines the amount of conjugated bilirubin in the blood.

Answer 11

Van der Bergh reaction

Question 12

What are the 4 main functions of liver

Answer 12

Storage, Synthetic/Metabolism, detoxification, secretory/excretory

Question 13

What does the liver store

Answer 13

Glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 14

What does the liver metabolize?

Answer 14

lipids, proteins, lipoproteins, carbs, and coagulation factors

Question 15

What does the liver detoxify?

Answer 15

drugs, poisons, and metabolic products

Question 16

What does the liver secrete?

Answer 16

Conjugated bilirubin

Question 17

Highly elevated in hepatitis?

Answer 17

AST, ALT, and ALP; Bilirubin

Question 18

Which analytes are elevated in cirrhosis?

Answer 18

Bilirubin, Ammonia, ALP

Question 19

Elevated in biliary obstruction

Answer 19

Bilirubin, ALP

Question 20

an enzyme which breaks down heme to become biliverdin

Answer 20

Heme oxygenase

Question 21

An enzyme present in bilirubin conjugation in the smooth ER of hepatocytes

Answer 21

UDPGT

Question 22

UDPGT stands for:

Answer 22

Uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase

Question 23

What form of bilirubin is secreted in urine in normal condition?

Answer 23

Urobilinogen

Question 24

Conjugated bilirubin covalently bound to albumin, preventing its excretion in urine

Answer 24

Delta bilirubin

Question 25

True or False: Both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin is elevated in the combination case of viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatic carcinoma

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False: Conjugated bilirubin is elevated in Dubin-Johnson Syndrome and Rotor Syndrome

Answer 26

True

Question 27

The other name for conjugated bilirubin is...

Answer 27

B2/ diglucuronide

Question 28

B1 is also known as:

Answer 28

Bilirubin monoglucuronide

Question 29

What is kernicterus?

Answer 29

a type of brain damage that can result from high levels of bilirubin in a baby's blood. It can cause athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss. It also causes problems with vision and teeth and sometimes can cause intellectual disabilities.

Question 30

What are the reagents in Evelyn-Malloy technique?

Answer 30

0.1% sulfanilic acid in HCl and Sodium nitrite, diazo rgt

Question 31

Reagents in Jendrassik-Groff technique

Answer 31

ascorbic acid, alkaline tartrate buffer, and diazo rgt

Question 31

Color reaction in Evelyn-Malloy technique

Answer 31

Red-purple

Question 32

Color rxn in Jendrassik-Groff technique

Answer 32

Blue

Question 33

Accelerator in Evelyn-Malloy technique

Answer 33

Methanol

Question 34

Accelerator in Jendrassik-Groff technique

Answer 34

Caffeine (Sodium benzoate)

Question 35

Absorbance in Evelyn-Malloy technique

Answer 35

560 nm

Question 36

Absorbance in Jendrassik-Groff technique

Answer 36

600 nm

Question 37

pH reaction of Evelyn-Malloy Technique

Answer 37

Acidic

Question 38

pH of Jendrassik-Groff technique

Answer 38

Alkaline

Question 39

the formula for Indirect bilirubin

Answer 39

Total Bilirubin - Direct Bilirubin

Question 40

Absorbance measurement at 450 nm to determine the total bilirubin concentration in the serum of newborns

Answer 40

Direct spectrophotometric method

Question 41

Oxidation of bilirubin to a colorless product and measurement of the change in absorbance

Answer 41

Enzymatic method

Question 42

Conversion factor for bilirubin

Answer 42

17.1

Question 43

Rf value for B1

Answer 43

0.2-0.8 mg/dL

Question 44

Rf value for B2

Answer 44

0-0.2 mg/dL

Question 45

Rf value for Total Bilirubin

Answer 45

0.2-1.0 mg/dL

Question 46

Rf value for Overt jaundice

Answer 46

>3 mg/dL

Question 47

Rf value for panic value

Answer 47

>15 mg/dL

Question 48

Rf value for Kernicterus and death

Answer 48

>20 mg/dL