Electrolytes, Acid-base, and anything remotely related Flashcards
action of angiotensin II in the kidneys
stimulates proximal tubular absorption of Na, Cl, and water
Action of aldosterone in the kidneys
stimulates active resorption of Na in collecting tubules by opening Na channels, enhancing Na-K-ATPase activity, opening luminal K channels
i.e. stimulates renal retention of Na, Cl and excretion of K, H
Action of ANP in the kidneys
reduces the number of open Na channels via the guanylate cyclase pathway
What happens if hypovolemia is detected by carotid sinus baroreceptors?
ADH is secreted
What happens if hypervolemia is sensed by atrial baroreceptors?
Na resorption in the distal nephron is reduced through the action of ANP
What happens if hyperosmolality is sensed by hypothalamic osmoreceptors?
thirst centers are stimulated to promote drinking of water and ADH is released to promote renal water resorption
What are the two major stimulants of aldosterone secretion?
Hyperkalemia and angiotensin II
ACTH and hyponatremia also stimulate aldosterone release; effect of hyponatremia is diminished if effective blood volume is adequate
List the components of Fanconi syndrome (5)
proximal renal tubular acidosis, renal glucosuria, aminoaciduria, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia
calculated osmolality
Osmc = 1.86(Na+K) + (UN (mg/dL)/2.8) + (glucose (mg/dL)/18)
What does a positive BE (ecf) indicate?
an excess of plasma buffer (HCO3-, proteins), and thus a metabolic alkalosis
What does a negative BE (ecf) indicate?
a deficit of plasma buffer (HCO3-, proteins), and thus a metabolic acidosis
What is base excess (ecf)?
amount of strong acid (mmol/L) needed to titrate ECF or plasma to a pH of 7.4 if PCO2 is 40 mmHg at 37°C
How to tell the presence of an acidosis with SID
Acidosis is present if SID is decreased
How to tell the presence of an alkalosis with SID
Alkalosis is present if SID is increased
