Electrolytes Flashcards
Causes of hypocal
parathyroid
low vit D
Hyper phos
Treatment for hypocal
correct hypomag first
IV cal, cal gluconate, cal chloride
What is a con with hypo cal and pancreatic pats
they might have low cal bec of cal crystals forming and depositing in the retroperitoneum
Normal cal lev
8.5-10.2
Treatment for hypercal
Cinacalcet (Sensipar)
removal of PTH bec of hyperparathyroidism
Causes of hypercal
cancer
calcium and vitamin D supplements.
What level of hypokal is life threatening
less than 2.5
Hypokal mani’s
paresthesias
ST depression
decreased DTR’s and GI motility
muscle wkness and cramps
When should we use EKG’s with hypokal
less than 2.5
Hyperkal mani’s
mus wkness and fatigue
parasthesias
N/V
heart probs
How much IV pot can be given at one time
20mEqs
How should pot be given through IV
slow and preferably through central line
Treatment for hyperkal
IV calcium insulin sodium bicarbonate albuterol diuretics Patiromer
What type of pat might you see more often taking Patiromer for hyperkal
a dialysis pat that continually has hyperkal between dialysis
normal mag range
1.5 – 2.5
Foods with high mag
Whole wheat
Spinach
black beans
avocados.
causes of hypomag
Inadequate dietary intake, diarrhea
celiac disease
hungry bone syndrome diabetes.
mani’s of hypomag
Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus) Torsades de pointe convulsions fatigue muscle spasms or cramps, weakness
treatment for hypomag
mag orally
IV for severe
Mani’s of hypermag
same as hypomag
Treatment for hypermag
IV calcium
diuretics
treatment for hyponatremia
Slow IV
or 3% saline in the ICU
Treatment for hypernatremia
oral water
IV 5% dextrose or 0.45% NS
Phosphate normal range
2.5-4.5
What foods have high phosphorus
meats poultry kfish nutss beans dairy
Causes of hypophos
alc
burns
diuretic use
starvation
Mani’s of hypophos
CNS changes bone wkness and pain WG or W loss irregular breathing mus wk
hypophos treatment
orally
IV when below 1mg/dL or severe symps
Mani’s of hyperphos
Mus wk to tetany
perioral numbness
bone pain
pruritis and rash
Causes of hyperphos
Low parathyroid hormone levels (hypoparathyroidism) high vitamin D levels
diabetic ketoacidosis
severe muscle damage
sepsis
treatment for hyperphos
uncontrolled diabetes
hypoparathy
kid dis
phosphate binders
