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CC-review > ELECTROLYTES > Flashcards

ELECTROLYTES Flashcards

1
Q

Normal plasma composition

A

93% water and 7% solutes

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2
Q

retention of 3 L of water

A

Edema

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3
Q

absence of ADH can lead to

A

excretion of 10-20 water

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4
Q

electrolytes for volume and osmotic pressure regulation

A

Na, K

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5
Q

Myocardial rhythm and contractility

A

K, Ca, Mg

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6
Q

cofactor in enzyme activation

A

Ca, Mg, Zn, Cl, K

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7
Q

Regulation of ATPase ion pumps

A

Mg

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8
Q

Neuromuscular excitability

A

K, Ca, Mg

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9
Q

maintenance of pH

A

HCO3, PO4, Cl

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10
Q

Replication of DNA and translation of mRNA

A

Mg

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11
Q

major extracellular cation

A

Na

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12
Q

greatly depends on intake and excretion of water

A

Na

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13
Q

sodium retention hormone

A

Aldosterone

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14
Q

urinary loss of sodium

A

ANF (Atrial Natreuretic Factor)

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15
Q

Hypernatremia

A

excess water loss

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16
Q

major defense against Hyperosmolality & Hypernatremia

A

Thirst

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17
Q

most common electrolyte disorder

A

Hyponatremia

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18
Q

Hyponatremia symptoms appear when

A

125-130 mmol/L

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19
Q

major contributor of osmolality

A

Na

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20
Q

Pseudohyperkalemia and Pseudohyponatremia is caused by

A

hemolyzed specimen, inc. plasma lipids & proteins

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21
Q

major itracellular cation

A

K

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22
Q

single most important analyte in terms of an abnormality being immediately life threathening

A

K

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23
Q

6-7 mmol/L (Potassium)

A

alter ECG

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24
Q

8 mmol/L (Potassium)

A

Lack of muscle excitability

25
Q

10 mmol/L (Potassium)

A

cardiac arrest

26
Q

Hyperkalemia is associated with

A

impaired renal fx.
acidosis
DM

27
Q

mild Hypokalemia value

A

3.0 - 3.4 mmol/L

28
Q

most common cause of Hypokalemia

A

impaired renal fx.

29
Q

most common cause of extra renal loss of K

30
Q

Hyponatremia is associated with

A

Arrythmia
Paralysis
Alkalosis

31
Q

counter ion of Na

32
Q

major extracellular anion

33
Q

Cl is excreted in

A

urine & sweat

34
Q

methods for Cl determination

A

ISE

Colorimetric titration

35
Q

Burge shift

A 
Cl = in
HCO3 = out
36
Q

3 calcium in serum

A
  1. Ionized/active calcium (50%)
  2. Protein (alb) bonded Ca (40%)
  3. Complexed anions (10%)
37
Q

dietary absoprtion of Calcium

A

activated vit. D3

38
Q

major hypercalcemic hormone

A

Parathyroid hormone

39
Q

calcitonin is produced by

A

parafollicular cells of Thyroid

40
Q

Hypercalcemia

41
Q

Hypocalcemia

42
Q

Methods for Calcium determination

A
  1. Colorimetric:
    a. Oresolpthalein
    b. Arsenic dye III
  2. ISE (free Ca)
  3. AAS - reference method
43
Q

principal intracellular anion

A

organic phosphate

44
Q

phosphate buffer

A

inorganic phosphate

45
Q

electrolyte that requires fasting

A

Phosphate

ICa

46
Q

Fiske-Subbarow

A

phosphate determination (Ammonium molybdate)

47
Q

phosphate deficiency

A

ATP depletion

48
Q

Transcellular shift effect on phosphate

49
Q

2nd most important intracellular anion

50
Q

methods for magnesium det.

A 
Dye Lake
Calmagite
Formasan dye
Methylene blue
AAS - Reference method
51
Q

2nd most abundant extracellular anion

A

Bicarbonate

52
Q

90% of total carbon dioxide

A

Bicarbonate

53
Q

Bicarbonate diffuses out of the cell in exchange for Chloride to maintain electronutrality

A 
Chloride shift
(acidosis)
54
Q

Anion gap

A

difference between measured & unmeasured anions

55
Q

Anion gap formula

A

AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3)

56
Q

increased Anion gap

A

Renal Failure
DKA
Lactic acidosis
Chemical toxins

57
Q

decreased Anion gap

A

Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
inc. Myeloma proteins

58
Q

1-3 mmol/L anion gap

A

INC. myelomaproteins

CC-review (6 decks)

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