Blood gas & pH

Question 1

Sensitive to

Answer 1

blood:anticoagulant ratio (Heparinized syringe)

Question 2

blood buffers

Answer 2

1. Bicarbonate: Carbonic acid (20:1)
2. Plasma proteins
3. Hgb
4. Inorganic Phosphate

Question 3

Specimen

Answer 3

1. Lithium heparin (maintains pH of blood)
   - 1mL, no pulling of plunger, avoid recapping
2. blood should be processed and transported ANAEROBICALLY
3. processed within 30 minutes

Question 4

effects of Aerobic exposure

Answer 4

PO2 = Increased
PCO2= decreased
pH=increased

Question 5

Standing

Answer 5

PO2 = decreased
PCO2=Increased
pH=decreased

Question 6

ref. value of pH

Answer 6

7. 35-7.45

7. 40 -average

Question 7

HCO3:H2C02 normal

Answer 7

20:1

Question 8

pCO2 range

Answer 8

35-45mmHg

Question 9

<35mmHg

Answer 9

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 10

> 45mmHg

Answer 10

Respiratory acidosis

Question 11

HCO3 range

Answer 11

21-28mEq/L

Question 12

<21 mEq/L

Answer 12

Metabolic acidosis

Question 13

> 28mEq/L

Answer 13

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 14

pO2

Answer 14

81-100mmHg

Question 15

Henderson-Hasselbach equation

Answer 15

pH = pKa + log con. base / weak acid

pH = 6.1 + log HCO3 / H2CO3

Question 16

Loss of HC03
Renal failure, DKA, Diarrhea
(+) Hyperkalemia & Hyperchloremia

Answer 16

Metabolic acidosis

Question 17

excess HCO3
Severe vomitting
(+) Hypokalemia & Hypochloremia

Answer 17

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

excess CO2

COPP, drug overdose, myestania gravis

Answer 18

Respiratory acidosis

Question 19

Hyperventilation

asthma, anxiety, sever pain

Answer 19

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 20

compensation is most effective in

Answer 20

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 21

compensation for met. alk

Answer 21

Hypoventilation

Question 22

compensation for met. acidosis

Answer 22

Hyperventilation

Question 23

for every degree above 37’C what effects does it do?

Answer 23

pH decreased by 0.015
pCO2 increased by 3%
pO2 decreased 7%

Question 24

elevated protein can affect

Answer 24

pO2 decreased

Question 25

anticoagulant volume per mL of blood

Answer 25

0.05mL

Question 26

Air exposure

Answer 26

increased pO2 = 4 mmHg/2mins

decreased pCO2 = 4 mmHg/ 2mins

Question 27

continuous monitoring for pO2 of neonates and infants

Answer 27

using transcutaneous electrodes