electrolyte imbalances

Question 1

what electrolyte imbalace has:

Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s sign?

Answer 1

Hypocalcemia

Question 2

Prolonged QT

Answer 2

hypocalcemia

Question 3

Short QT

Answer 3

Hypercalcemia

Question 4

tx for hypercalcemia?

Answer 4

IV fluids–> Lasix

Bisphosphonates

steroids

calcitonin

parathyroidectomy

dialysis (Ca >18)

Question 5

what diuretic should be avoided in hypercalcemia

Answer 5

HCTZ

Question 7

what 2 other electrolyte imbalances is hypomagnesemia associated with

Answer 7

hypokalemia (Mg follows K)

Hypocalcemia

Question 8

Torsades

Answer 8

Hypomagnesemia

Question 9

Flat T–> U waves

Answer 9

Hypokalemia

Question 10

Peaked T waves

Answer 10

Hyperkalemia

Question 11

what acid/base abnormality is seen with hypokalemia

Answer 11

metabolic alkalosis

Question 12

Increased risk of digoxin toxicity

Answer 12

Hypokalemia

Question 13

tx for hypokalemia

Answer 13

IV KCl

Spironolactone/amiloride

Mag

**no dextrose (insulin drives K into cells)

Question 14

Tx for hyperkalemia

Answer 14

IV calcium gluconate (stabilize cardiac membrane)

Insulin (with glucose)

Kayexalate (enhances GI K excretion)

albuterol neb (for asthma)

Bicarb

Loop diuretics

Dialysis if severe