Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
what are the symptoms of hypercalcaemia? (3.5mm/L +)
Renal damage and cardiac arrest.
What drugs can cause hypercalcaemia?
Thiazides
lithium
tamoxifen
- the effects of digoxin are enhanced with hypercalcaemia
what are the symptoms of HYPOcalcaemia?
causes chronic renal failure and hypoparathgyroidism.
- if levels are less than 2.5 mmol/L it may result in loss of muscle tone, cardiac arrhythmias and tetany
how do you treat hypocalcaemia?
calcium and vit D
what drugs cause hypocalcaemia?
-biphosphanates
-loop diuretics
phenytoin
what are the sympotoms of HYPOmagnesia?>
-tetany
-arrhythmias
tachycardia
-respiratory depression
what causes hypomagnesia?
severe diarrhoea or malnutrition.
- may occur alongside hypocalcaemia or hypokalaemia
what drugs can cause hypomagnesia?
thiazide and loop diuretics
- ciclosporin
biphosphonates
what causes hypophosphatemia?
it develops after 4 or more days of starvation and responsible for refeeding symptoms
what are the symptoms of hypophsphatemia?
- arrhythmias
-rhabdomyolysis
seizuires
confusion
what are the treatments for hypophosphatemia?
phosphate supplementation
regular monitoring
what are the causes of HYPERphostohatemia?
chronic kidney disease, high diet intake of phosphates
what are the symptoms of hyperphosphatemia?
- muscle cramps
- tetany
- periodal numbness
- tingling
what treatments is needed for hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease?
phosphate binders
what level of hyperkaliemia is fatal?
levels over 6.6mmol/l
