Electrolyte Imbalance symptoms

Question 1

Hypernatremia

Answer 1

Water deficit

FRIED SALT
F flushed skin & fever
R restless, irritable, anxious, confused
I increased BP & fluid retention
E edema peripheral & pitting
D decreased urine output, dry mouth

S skin flushed
A agitation
L low grade fever
T thirst

Swollen dry tongue

Question 2

Hyponatremia

Answer 2

Water excess

S stupor/coma
A anorexia (nausea & vomiting)
L lethargy
T tendon reflexes (decreased)
L limp muscles
O orthostatic hypotension
S seizures/headache
S stomach cramping

Question 3

Hypocalcemia

Answer 3

Calcium Influences excitability of nerves and muscle, necessary for muscle contraction.

C convulsions
A arrhythmias
T tetany
S stridor

Muscle excitability

Question 4

Hypercalcemia

Answer 4

Calcium Influences excitability of nerves and muscle, necessary for muscle contraction.

B bone pain
A arrhythmias
C cardia arrest
K kidney stones
M muscle weakness
E excessive urination

Lethargy

Question 5

Hyperkalemia

Answer 5

M muscle cramps
U urine abnormalities
R respiratory distress
D decrease cardiac contractility
E ECG changes
R reflexes decreases

Muscle weakness, cardiac dysthymias, and cardiac arrest.

Question 6

Hypokalemia

Answer 6

A alkalosis

S shallow respiration
I Irritability
C confusion

W weakness
A arrhythmias
L lethargy
T thready pulse

Muscle weakness, including breathing muscles, cardiac dysrhythmias.

Question 7

Hypomagnesium

Answer 7

Mg influences function of neuromuscular junctions, is cofactor for numerous enzymes.

Increased muscular excitability.

Confusion, increase reflexes, neuromuscular irritability, seizures, muscle cramps, tremors, tachycardia.

Question 8

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 8

Mg influences function of neuromuscular junctions, is cofactor for numerous enzymes.

flushing, decreased reflexes, muscle weakness, lethargy, depressed respiration,

Question 9

Hypophosphatemia

Answer 9

Phosphate is necessary for production of ATP

muscles too relaxed, weakness, respiratory failure

Question 10

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 10

Phosphate is necessary for production of ATP

muscles excited, tetany

Question 11

Clinical dehydration

Answer 11

Body fluids decreased and too concentrated

Question 12

Hyponatremia & hypernatremia

Answer 12

decreased level of consciousness and abnormal Na+ levels

Question 13

Potassium imbalance

Answer 13

bilateral muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias, and abnormal K+ levels

Question 14

Calcium & magnesium imbalances

Answer 14

altered neuromuscular excitability and abnormal Ca2+ or Mg2+ levels

Question 15

Acid-base imbalances

Answer 15

changes in level of consciousness, abnormal breathing patterns, abnormal PaCO2, HCO3-, and pH levels