Ch1 & 2 Flashcards
AIDET
Acknowledge
Introduce
Duration
Explanation
Thank You
6 Rights of Medication Administration
- Right Individual
- Right medication
- Right dose
- Right time
- Right route
- Right documentation
Tidal Volume
the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle
500 mL male
400 mL female
Cheyne Stokes Respirations
abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes
Tachypnea
rapid breathing
Bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing rate
Biot’s respirations
regular deep respirations interspersed with periods of apnea. It is caused by damage to the pons due to stroke, trauma, or uncal herniation. As the insult to the pons progresses, the pattern becomes irregular
kussmaul’s respirations
fast, deep breaths that occur in response to metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul respirations happen when the body tries to remove carbon dioxide, an acid, from the body by quickly breathing it out. Diabetic ketoacidosis is the most common cause
S1 sound
tricuspid & mitral valves close at the end of ventricular filling just before systolic contraction begins
S2 sound
Pulmonic & aortic (semilunar) valves close at the end of systolic contraction
Pulse pressure
Difference between systolic & diastolic values
Orthostatic hypotension
A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing up from sitting or lying down. >20 systolic or >10 diastolic within 3 minutes of standing or sitting up.
6 Rights of Medication Administration
- Right of Individual
- Right medication
- Right dose
- Right time
- Right route
- Right documentation
Piaget 4 stages of development
Sensorimotor: 0-2
Preoperational. 2-7
Concrete operational. Ages 7-11.
Formal operational. 12 & up
Antipyretic agents
A drug that prevents or reduces fever by lowering the body temperature from a raised state
Diaphoresis
Perfuse sweating for no apparent reason
pulse deficit
when the heart beats faster than the palpable pulse felt at distal and apical pulses
5 Stages of infection
- Incubation
- Prodromal
- Acute illness
- Period of decline
- Period of convalescence
Medical asepsis
practices that kill some microorganisms to prevent them from spreading
Surgical asepsis
the absence of all microorganisms within any type of invasive procedure
Sterilization
Cleaning instruments so that all microorganisms including bacterial spores are eradicated
Disinfection
Cleans instruments so that almost all microorganisms are eradicated, but not all. Two levels: high-level and low-level
Six parts of the chain of infection
Infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
Three lines of defense in the body
Physical & chemical barriers
nonspecific immunity
specific immunity
4 Steps of inflammation
- Pattern receptors on cell surfaces recognize harmful stimuli
- Inflammatory pathways are activated
- Inflammatory markers are released
- Inflammatory cells are recruited
Expected WBC count
5,000 to 10,000/mm3
Five types of WBCs
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
AIIR
Airborne infection isolation room, aka negative pressure room
PPE needed for droplet precautions
Mask
Multidrug-resistant organisms MDROs
Organisms that are resistant to one or more classes of existing antimicrobials
Infection control bundles
Guidelines for practice that are bundled together to help prevent HAIs such as CAUTIs, CLABSIs, VAPs, and SSIs
Evidence Based Practice
Use of current best evidence from nursing research, clinical expertise, practice trends, and patient preferences to guide nursing decisions about care provided to patients
Exudate
a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation.
Pathogen
pathogen is an organism that causes disease
Standard Precautions
Standards set by CDC to reduce risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens in hospitals.
Normal Sinus Rhythm
EKG wave pattern that indicates normal conduction of an electrical impulse through the myocardium.
Susceptibility
A person who is susceptible (or has susceptibility) is easily affected by a disease, is more likely to get a disease, or lacks resistance to a disease
Pulse deficit
when the heart beats faster than the palpable pulse felt at distal and apical pulses
Therapeutic communication
Process in which the nurse consciously influences a patient to a better understanding through verbal and/or nonverbal communication.
Febrile
having or showing the symptoms of a fever.
“a febrile illness”
Sterile
free from microorganisms
Pyrogens
a substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood.
Systemic
affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part
Infection Prevention
Scientific approach to Infection control, prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings
Purulent
consisting of, containing, or discharging pus.
“a purulent discharge”
Hypoxemia
low level of oxygen in the blood
Dysrhythmia
abnormality in a physiological rhythm, especially in the activity of the brain or heart.
“congestive heart failure and dysrhythmia”
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, gloves, face shields, goggles, facemasks and/or respirators etc
Stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat
Afebrile
not feverish
Nursing Informatics
science and practice (that) integrates nursing, its information and knowledge, with information and communication technologies to promote the health of people
Serous
of, resembling, or producing serum.
“the natural protection for grazes and scratches is dried serous fluid and blood” clear thin fluid
Tachycardia
rapid heartbeat that may be regular or irregular, but is out of proportion to age and level of exertion or activity.
>100 bpm
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the maintenance of physiologic core body temperature, independent of external temperature, by balancing heat generation with heat loss
Cardiac output (CO)
Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by the heart minute. product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) and is measured in liters per minute
Pulse equality
whether the pulse force is comparable on both sides of the body
Normal breathing rate
12-20 breaths per min
Normal heart rate
60-100
eupnea
normal, good, healthy and unlabored breathing, sometimes known as quiet breathing or a resting respiratory rate
5 stages of nursing proficiency
1: novice
2: advanced beginner
3: competent
4: proficient
5: expert
6 standards of practice
1: assessment
2: diagnosis
3: outcomes identification
4: planning
5: implementation
6: evaluation
QSEN
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
NPA
Nursing Practice Act (NPA). The NPA is then interpreted into regulations by each state and territorial nursing board with the authority to regulate the practice of nursing care and the power to enforce the laws
6 levels of care
- preventive: screenings, immunizations
- primary: family dr
- secondary: urgent care, outpatient centers
- tertiary: specialty care (dermatology, cardiology)
- restorative: rehab, OT, PT
- continuing healthcare: long-term care, assisted living
AC (med timing)
Before meal
PC (med timing)
After meal
Diaphoresis
Profuse sweating due to a medical or physical issue not related to heat or exercise
5 Rights of Delegation
Right Task
Right Circumstance
Right Person
Right Direction & Communication
Right Supervision & Evaluation
adventitious
abnormal
5 steps of Nursing process.
Assessment
Analysis & nursing diagnosis
Planning & Outcomes Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
ANA
American Nurses Association
ICN
International Council of Nurses
6 Roles of Nurses
- Autonomy & Accountability
- Caregiver
- Advocate
- Educator
- Communicator
- Manager
AACN
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
