Electrolyte disturbances Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of hyperkalaemia? (5)
A
Drugs- ACE inhibitors, K+ sparing diuretics, spironolactone Renal failure Hypovolaemia Adrenal insufficiency Acidosis
2
Q
Definition of hyperkalaemia?
A
Plasma K+ > 5.5mmol/L
3
Q
Management of hyperkalaemia? (3)
A
10ml calcium gluconate 10% IV
8 units Actrapid in 100ml IV glucose 20%
5-10mg salbutamol neb
4
Q
Causes of hypokalaemia? (4)
A
Loop/thiazide diuretics
D&V
Re-feeding syndrome
Shift of potassium into intracellular compartment e.g. post-op, cardiac ischaemia
5
Q
Management for most patients with low potassium?
A
Sando-K effervescent tablets
6
Q
When is IV potassium required for hypokalaemia?
A
<2.5mmol/L, cardiac arrythmia, if patient cannot eat or is unlikely to absorb oral potassium
7
Q
What is the maximum rate of infusion of potassium?
A
10mmol/hour
