Electrolyte Balance

Question 0

Sodium

Major

Answer 0

Extracellular cation

Question 1

Sodium

Normal

Answer 1

135-145mEq/L

Question 2

Sodium

Function

Answer 2

Muscle excitability

Regulates fluid balance

Question 3

Sodium

Cellular control

Answer 3

Na-K pump

Question 4

Sodium

Hormonal control

Answer 4

Aldosterone

Question 5

Sodium

Aldosterone regulator

Answer 5

Rennin-angiotensin system

Question 6

Hyponatremia

Causes

Answer 6

Renal failure
Hypervolemia
Fresh water

Question 7

Hyponatremia

Result

Answer 7

Cell swelling

Question 8

Hyponatremia

Manifestation

Answer 8

Generalized muscle weakness

Question 9

Hypernatremia

Causes

Answer 9

Renal failure
Hypovolemia
Salt water
Diabetes insipidus
Aldosteronism

Question 10

Hypernatremia

Result

Answer 10

Cell shrinkage

Question 11

Hypernatremia

Manifestation

Answer 11

Hyper reflexes to seizures

Hypertension

Question 12

Potassium

Normal

Answer 12

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

Question 13

Potassium

Major

Answer 13

Intracellular cation

Question 14

Potassium

Cellular control

Answer 14

Na-K pump

Question 15

Potassium

Hormonal control

Answer 15

Aldosterone

Question 16

Potassium

Function

Answer 16

Electrical conduction of heart

Question 17

Hypokalemia

Causes

Answer 17

Hemodilution
Alkalosis
Acute alcoholism

Question 18

Hypokalemia

Manifestations

Answer 18

Decrease cardiac output
Increase pulse
Motility ileus
Constipation

Question 19

Hyperkalemia

Causes

Answer 19

Blood transfusion
Decrease aldosterone (addisons disease)
Cell destruction

Question 20

Hyperkalemia

Manifestation

Answer 20

Numbness
Acidosis
Apathy
Diarrhea

Question 21

ECG Changes

P wave hypo

Answer 21

Increase amplitude and width

Question 22

ECG Changes

P wave hyper

Answer 22

Flat

Question 23

ECG Changes

PR interva

Hypo

Answer 23

Prolonged

Question 24

ECG Changes PR interva Hyper

Answer 24

Prolonged

Question 25

ECG Changes QRS interval Hyper

Answer 25

Prolonged

Question 26

ECG Changes T wave Hypo

Answer 26

Flattening/ inversion

Question 27

ECG Changes T wave Hyper

Answer 27

Peak

Question 28

Calcium Normal

Answer 28

4-5.5 mEq/L or | 8.5-10 mEq/L

Question 29

Calcium Absorption requirement

Answer 29

Vitamin D

Question 30

Calcium Metabolism regulator

Answer 30

Parathyroid hormone | Vitamin D

Question 31

Calcium Function

Answer 31

Muscle contraction Blood clotting Membrane stabilizer

Question 32

Calcium Calcitonin

Answer 32

Bone resorption inhibitor Vitamin D inhibitor Aid in calcium excretion

Question 33

Hypocalcemia Causes

Answer 33

Renal failure Pancreatitis Alkalosis

Question 34

Hypocalcemia Pathophysiology

Answer 34

Increase excitability of muscles Bleeding disorders Osteoporosis

Question 35

Hypocalcemia Manifestations

Answer 35

Positive trousseaus sign- carpopedal spasm Positive chvosteks sign - facial muscle spasm Hyperactive reflexes

Question 36

Hypercalcemia Causes

Answer 36

Hyperthyroidism Excess parathyroid hormone Cancer

Question 37

Hypercalcemia Manifestation

Answer 37

``` Homans sign Blood clots Kidney stones Muscle weakness Constipation Thirst Polyuria ```

Question 38

Magnesium Normal

Answer 38

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 39

Magnesium Location

Answer 39

Intracellular

Question 40

Magnesium Function

Answer 40

``` Prevent overexcitability of muscles Inhibits acetylcholine Sedative Cofactor Bone and teeth production ```

Question 41

Magnesium Regulator

Answer 41

Aldosterone- increase Mg reabsorption in kidneys

Question 42

Hypomagnesemia Causes

Answer 42

Prolonged nasogastric suctioning Excess calcium and vitamin D Steroids Hypoaldosteronism

Question 43

Hypomagnesemia Manifestation

Answer 43

``` Positive trousseaus sign Positive chvosteks sign Hyperactive reflex Tachycardia Hypertension ```

Question 44

Hypermagnesemia Causes

Answer 44

Antacids Laxatives Renal failure

Question 45

Hypermagnesemia Manifestations

Answer 45

Hypoactive reflex Bradycardia Hypotension Respiratory depression