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Biochem 2nd Sem Midterms > Electrolyte Balance > Flashcards

Electrolyte Balance Flashcards

0
Q

Sodium

Major

A

Extracellular cation

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1
Q

Sodium

Normal

A

135-145mEq/L

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2
Q

Sodium

Function

A

Muscle excitability

Regulates fluid balance

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3
Q

Sodium

Cellular control

A

Na-K pump

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4
Q

Sodium

Hormonal control

A

Aldosterone

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5
Q

Sodium

Aldosterone regulator

A

Rennin-angiotensin system

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6
Q

Hyponatremia

Causes

A

Renal failure
Hypervolemia
Fresh water

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7
Q

Hyponatremia

Result

A

Cell swelling

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8
Q

Hyponatremia

Manifestation

A

Generalized muscle weakness

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9
Q

Hypernatremia

Causes

A 
Renal failure
Hypovolemia
Salt water
Diabetes insipidus
Aldosteronism
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10
Q

Hypernatremia

Result

A

Cell shrinkage

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11
Q

Hypernatremia

Manifestation

A

Hyper reflexes to seizures

Hypertension

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12
Q

Potassium

Normal

A

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

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13
Q

Potassium

Major

A

Intracellular cation

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14
Q

Potassium

Cellular control

A

Na-K pump

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15
Q

Potassium

Hormonal control

A

Aldosterone

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16
Q

Potassium

Function

A

Electrical conduction of heart

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17
Q

Hypokalemia

Causes

A

Hemodilution
Alkalosis
Acute alcoholism

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18
Q

Hypokalemia

Manifestations

A

Decrease cardiac output
Increase pulse
Motility ileus
Constipation

19
Q

Hyperkalemia

Causes

A 
Blood transfusion
Decrease aldosterone (addisons disease)
Cell destruction
20
Q

Hyperkalemia

Manifestation

A

Numbness
Acidosis
Apathy
Diarrhea

21
Q

ECG Changes

P wave hypo

A

Increase amplitude and width

22
Q

ECG Changes

P wave hyper

A

Flat

23
Q

ECG Changes

PR interva

Hypo

A

Prolonged

24
Q

ECG Changes

PR interva

Hyper

A

Prolonged

25
Q

ECG Changes

QRS interval

Hyper

A

Prolonged

26
Q

ECG Changes

T wave

Hypo

A

Flattening/ inversion

27
Q

ECG Changes

T wave

Hyper

A

Peak

28
Q

Calcium

Normal

A

4-5.5 mEq/L or

8.5-10 mEq/L

29
Q

Calcium

Absorption requirement

A

Vitamin D

30
Q

Calcium

Metabolism regulator

A

Parathyroid hormone

Vitamin D

31
Q

Calcium

Function

A

Muscle contraction
Blood clotting
Membrane stabilizer

32
Q

Calcium

Calcitonin

A

Bone resorption inhibitor
Vitamin D inhibitor
Aid in calcium excretion

33
Q

Hypocalcemia

Causes

A

Renal failure
Pancreatitis
Alkalosis

34
Q

Hypocalcemia

Pathophysiology

A

Increase excitability of muscles
Bleeding disorders
Osteoporosis

35
Q

Hypocalcemia

Manifestations

A

Positive trousseaus sign- carpopedal spasm
Positive chvosteks sign - facial muscle spasm
Hyperactive reflexes

36
Q

Hypercalcemia

Causes

A

Hyperthyroidism
Excess parathyroid hormone
Cancer

37
Q

Hypercalcemia

Manifestation

A 
Homans sign
Blood clots
Kidney stones
Muscle weakness
Constipation
Thirst
Polyuria
38
Q

Magnesium

Normal

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

39
Q

Magnesium

Location

A

Intracellular

40
Q

Magnesium

Function

A 
Prevent overexcitability of muscles
Inhibits acetylcholine
Sedative
Cofactor
Bone and teeth production
41
Q

Magnesium

Regulator

A

Aldosterone- increase Mg reabsorption in kidneys

42
Q

Hypomagnesemia

Causes

A

Prolonged nasogastric suctioning
Excess calcium and vitamin D
Steroids
Hypoaldosteronism

43
Q

Hypomagnesemia

Manifestation

A 
Positive trousseaus sign
Positive chvosteks sign
Hyperactive reflex
Tachycardia
Hypertension
44
Q

Hypermagnesemia

Causes

A

Antacids
Laxatives
Renal failure

45
Q

Hypermagnesemia

Manifestations

A

Hypoactive reflex
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Respiratory depression

Biochem 2nd Sem Midterms (10 decks)

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