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Biochem 2nd Sem Midterms > Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Flashcards

0
Q

Acids are sometimes referred to as

A

Proton donors

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1
Q

Defined as any compound, which can release hydrogen ions in solution.

A

Acids

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2
Q

A compounds that are only partially ionized in solution

A

Weak acids and bases

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3
Q

Compound that ionizes completely in solution to form hydrogen ions and a base.

A

Strong acids

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4
Q

An ion or a molecule that can accept an hydrogen

A

Bases

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5
Q

Bases can be referred to as

A

Proton acceptors

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6
Q

A compound that limits the change in hydrogen ion concentration when hydrogen ions are added or removed from the solution

A

Buffers

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7
Q

All buffers are in fact

A

Weak acids or bases

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8
Q

Immediately combine with acid or base to prevent excessive changes in hydrogen concentration

A

Chemical acid base buffer system

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9
Q

Buffers in plasma

A

Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein buffer

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10
Q

Buffers in the RBC

A

Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Hemoglobin buffer

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11
Q

Responsible for 60% of the buffering capacity of blood

A

Hemoglobin buffer

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12
Q

Responsible for 60% of the buffering capacity of blood

A

Hemoglobin buffer

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13
Q

Has the strongest affinity for both Co2 and Hydrogen

A

Deoxygenated hemoglobin

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14
Q

Buffering effect of deoxygenated hemoglobin. Is strongest in the

A

Tissue

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15
Q

CO2 that binds directly with hemoglobin combines reversibly with terminal amine groups on the hemoglobin molecule to form

A

Carbaminohaemoglobin

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16
Q

In the tissues, dissolved CO2 passes into the red blood cell down its concentration gradient where it combines with water to form

A

Carbonic acid

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17
Q

To form carbonic acid, this reaction is catalyzed by th enzyme

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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18
Q

Chief buffer for fixed, nonvolatile acids

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

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19
Q

Alkali reserve of the body

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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20
Q

Sodium bicarbonate deficiency

A

Metabolic acidosis

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21
Q

Excess sodium bicarbonate

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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22
Q

Important in buffering acids in the distal tubules of the kidney

A

Phosphate buffer system

23
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system

Carbon dioxide + hemoglobin or water

A

Carbonic acid

24
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system

CO2 + amine groups of hemoglobin

A

Carbaminohaemoglobin

25
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system

CO2 + water = carbonic acid
Catalyze by?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

26
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system

In tissue, carbonic acid dissociates to

A

Bicarbonate

Hydrogen ions

27
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system

Bicarbonate goes to

A

Plasma in exchange for cholride

28
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system
In tissue

Hydrogen ions to become

A

HHb

29
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system

In lungs

Hydrogen ions + haemoglobin and bicarbonate

A

CO2

30
Q

The second line of defense, which regulates the removal of carbon dioxide from the extracellular fluid

A

Respiratory mechanism

31
Q

Slow acting
Can completely restore acid base balance
Most powerful of the acid base regulatory systems

A

Renal mechanism

32
Q

Renal mechanism regulates primarily ___________ level in the blood

A

Sodium bocarbonate

33
Q

Main site of bicarbonate reabsorption accounting for 75-90% of the filtered load

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

34
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

Bicarbonate is reabsorb with?

A

Sodium

35
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

H+ enters the tubule via

A

Secretion and not filtered at bowmans capsule

36
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

Excrete H+ into the tubular fluid by

A

Sodium hydrogen counter transport

37
Q

Remaining 10-25% of bicarbonate is reabsorbed

A

Distal convoluted tubule

38
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

Secretes H+ by

A

Primary active transport

39
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

Where H+ is transported directly by a specific protein, a?

A

Hydrogen transporting ATPase

40
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

The energy required for pumping the H+ is derived from the breakdown of ATP to

A

Adenosine diphosphate

41
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

Anion that is filtered and not reabsorbed

A

Phosphate

42
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

Formed in cells lining tubule from amino acids through deamination

A

Ammonia

43
Q

State of excess H+

A

Acidosis

44
Q

Results when the blood pH is less than 7.35

A

Acidemia

45
Q

A state of excess HCO3

A

Alkalosis

46
Q

Results when the blood pH is greater than 7.45

A

Alkalemia

47
Q

Occurs from pathological conditions that damage the respiratory centers or that decrease the ability of the lungs to eliminate CO2

A

Respiratory acidosis

48
Q

Due to hypoventilation and consequential increased in pCO2

A

Respiratory acidosis

49
Q

Due to hyperventilation and consequential decreased in pCO2

A

Respiratory alkalosis

50
Q

Eg of respiratory alkalosis

A

Hysteria
Early stage of salicylate poisoning
Injudicious of repirators

51
Q

Due to decrease in bicarbonate fraction

A

Metabolic acidosis

52
Q

Type of acidosis results from a defect in renal secretion of H+ or in reabsorption of HCO3 or both

A

Renal tubular acidosis

53
Q

Most frequent cause of metabolic acidosis.

A

Diarrhea

54
Q

Eg of metabolic acidosis

A

Vomiting of intestinal content
DM
Ingestion of acids
Chronic Renal Failure

55
Q

Due to increase in bicarbonate fraction

There is excess retention of HCO3 or loss of H+ from the body

A

Metabolic alkalosis

56
Q

Eg metabolic alkalosis

A

Diuretics
Aldosterone
Vomiting of gastric contrnts
Alkaline drugs

Biochem 2nd Sem Midterms (10 decks)

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