Electrochemical Gradients

Question 1

Define an electrochemical gradient

Answer 1

a

Question 2

Discuss the properties of solutes that affect their movement

through semi-permeable and non-permeable membranes

Answer 2

a

Question 3

Distinguish between passive diffusion, facilitated and active transport

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Describe the general features of channel proteins

Answer 4

a

Question 5

Compare and contrast the transport mechanisms of the
++
plasma membrane Na /K -A TPase, the plasma membrane and
2+ + 2+ sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca - ATPases, and the Na /Ca -
exchanger in regulating intracellular ion concentrations

Answer 5

a

Question 6

Describe how sugars, amino acids and ions enter mammalian cells, using membrane bound proteins called symports and antiports that are driven by the Na+ gradient

Answer 6

a

Question 7

Understand the regulation of cytoplasm pH via the Na+/H+ exchanger and the Cl-/HCO3 – exchanger

Answer 7

a