Biological Signalling Molecules Flashcards
Discuss the principles of communication between cells via chemical messengers in the paracrine, endocrine and nervous systems
a
Describe the role of receptors in transducing the information carried by an extracellular hydrophilic signalling molecule across a hydrophobic cellular membrane bilayer
a
Explain the concept of receptor super-families, based on common structural motifs
a
Describe the mechanisms employed by the four major classes of receptors involved in cellular signalling via hormones, local
mediators and neurotransmitters
a
Starting at the receptor describe the main features in the signalling cascade that consists of three fundamental components:
- A Receptor
- A Guanine nucleotide binding protein (the G-protein)
- An Effector molecule, which may be an enzyme or an ion
channel.
a
appreciate the relationship between the G heterotrimer and their distinct signalling functions
a
understand the cycle of GTP/GDP binding and the G unit’s role in acting as a timer and ‘on/off’ switch
a
Recognise different second messengers and signalling pathways are activated by Gs, Gi and Gq type proteins
a
Describe the importance of cyclic nucleotides IP3 and Calcium in intracellular signalling
a
Understand the concept of signal amplification via signalling cascades
a
Provide examples of intracellular signalling leading to physiological changes in function and how these pathways can
be manipulated using drugs to therapeutic advantage
a
