electricity - electric charges and currents Flashcards

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1
Q

name some models of atoms in history

A

plum pudding model
Rutherford bohr model
charge cloud model
rutherford model

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2
Q

what is an atom made up of

A

protons (positive charge)
neutrons (no charge)
electrons (negative charge)

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3
Q

what do you need for an electric current to pass round a circuit?

A
  • a complete circuit
  • source of potential difference (battery)
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4
Q

what is electric current

A

rate of flow of charge in wire

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5
Q

what is the current due to?

A

passage of charged particles, called charge carriers

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6
Q

_____ field in the ____ caused by _____ source _____ all _____ to move

A

electric field in wire caused by voltage source induces all electrons to move

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7
Q

what is the convention of the direction of current

A

from positive terminal to negative

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8
Q

symbol for charge

A

Q

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9
Q

what are electrons in a circuit

A

Electrons are the charge carriers that flow in an electrical circuit – from the negative to positive terminals.

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10
Q

unit for charge

A

coulombs C

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11
Q

charge of proton (and electron)

A

1.6 x 10^19 C

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12
Q

what is conservation of charge

A

no net electric charge can be created or destroyed

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13
Q

what is electricity?

A

movement of charge around a circuit - electric current

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14
Q

what is electric current

A

movement of negative charges (electrons) in a circuit

rate of flow of charge

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15
Q

unit for current

A

ampere A

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16
Q

symbol for current

A

I

17
Q

equation for current when there is a charge and time

A

Q = IT

18
Q

one amp of current is due to _______________________

A

a flow of charge of 1 couloumb per second

19
Q

what are 3 categories a material can be classified in electrical terms

A

conductors, insulators, semi-conductors

20
Q

what is an insulator?

A

each electron is attached to an atom and cant mov away.

when voltage is applied across insulator - no current passes through

as no electrons can move through

21
Q

what is a metallic conductor

A

most electrons are attached to atoms but some are delocalised (free to move)

delocalised electrons are charge carriers

when voltage is applied across metal, these conduction electrons are attracted to positive terminal

22
Q

what is a semi conductor

A

number of charge carriers increases with an increase in temperature

resistance of a semi conductor decreases as temperature is raised

23
Q

what makes a good conductor

A

allows electrons to move throw them easily

24
Q

what makes a good insulator

A

does not allow electrons to move easily

25
Q

what does a battery have potential to do?

A

potential to transfer energy

26
Q

what happens when a battery is in a circuit?

A

each electron passing through a circuit component does work to pass through the component and therefore transfers some/all of its energy

27
Q

work done by an electron is equal to….

A

The work done by an electron is equal to its loss of energy.

28
Q

what is work done per unit charge defined as?

A

potential difference

29
Q

what is potential difference?

A

Potential difference is defined as the work done (or energy transfer) per unit charge.

30
Q

what is the unit of pd

A

volt

31
Q

equation for p.d

A

V = W / Q

w - work done
q - charge

32
Q

what is the emf

A

The emf of a source of electricity is defined as the electrical energy produced per unit charge passing through the source.

33
Q

unit of emf

A

volt

34
Q

what is internal resistance

A

The resistance to the flow of charge within a source. Internal resistance results in energy being dissipated within the source.

35
Q

equation for work done by charge carriers

A

work done = IVt

current
pd
change in time

36
Q

equation for electrical power

A

P = IV
unit - watt

37
Q

what is one volt equal to

A

one volt is equal to one watt per amp

38
Q
A