Electricity and magnetism Flashcards
what is electrical energy
- type of kinetic energy
- produced by charged particles
- highly convienient
what is electricity
electricity is the movement of particles from negative to positive
what is static electrcity
imbalance of electrical charges that build up on the surface of an object
what is current electricity
flow of electrons through an electrical conductor
what is a conductor
material where some electrons are free to move and can flow in an electric current
what is an insulator
material where electrons are tightly held and cannot move so electric current cant flow
what is an electrical circuit
electrical circuit is a path for electrical charge to flow through
what does static electricity do
builds up when two insulating materials are rubbed together like plastic comb and hair.
what is a series circuit
one pathway for electrons to flow
what do circuits need
- energy supply (cell or battery of cells)
- component to transfer electrical energy into another form (bulb)
- complete unbroken pathway fro electrons to flow (copper wires)
what are the components of a circuit
- cell
- battery
- wire
- switch
- bulb
- ammeter
- voltmeter
- resistor
what is a parallel circuit
more than one pathway for electrons to flow
what is current
current is a measure of flow of electrical charge in circuits
what is current measured in
measured in Amps (A) using an ammeter
what is electron flow
charge carried by electrons from the negatice terminal to the positive terminal
what is current in series
te current is the same in all parts of a series circuit
what is current in parallel
current is shared in parallel
what is voltage
amount of energy provided to electrons that flow through the circuit (push required to move electrons)
what is voltage measured in
measured in Volt (v) using voltmeter
what is voltage in series
in series voltage is shared
what is voltage in parallel
in parallel circuit voltage is the same
what is Power
how much energy is transferred from one form to another in a one second
what is power measured in
measured in Watts (W)
how to calculate power
Power=work/time
or
power = voltage x amps
what is cost of energy measured in
measured in kilowatt-hours
how to calculate cost of energy
power rating in KW x time in hours = total amount of energy used
(KW x hours=kwh
how to calculate cost of electricity
total Kwh x price of one KwH = total cost
(cost = KwH x $/kwH)
what is resistance
measure of how easy it is for current to flow in a circuit
what is resistance measured in
measured in ohms
what are magnetic materials
Iron, cobalt and nickel
what are magentic attractions for opposite and like poles
- opposites attract
- like repel
what is inside a magnet
small regions called domains that line up the same way.
what do domains do
give magnets magnetic polarity
What is magnetic strength measured in
measured in Tesla (T)
how do you make a magnet
- collect a magnet and pin
- rub the pin with a magnet in ONE direction
- use a pin to pick up paper clips
How do you test magnet strength
test how many paper clips the magnet can lift from a surface.
what is static electricity used for
photocopiers or air filters
why is static electricity dangerous
becacaue you can get an electric shock due to the flow of current through the body,
what do you do in an electrical accident
- dont touch the injured person if they are still in contact with a live source of electricity.
- Switch the power off, either at the source or at the main power switch.
- Phone for an ambulance immediately, dial 111.
Law of Conservation of Charge
the net charge of an isolated system will always remain constant.
how do you make an electromagnet
wrapping a wire around an iron nail and running current through the wire. Connect to battery
