Acids and Bases Flashcards
what is an Acid
a compund that release hydrogen ions (h+) when dissolved in water
what is a strong acid
- found in labs or car battery = dangerous to touch/eat
- corrosive
what is a weak acid
- found in everyday items such as food and skincare products
- safe to eat and handle
what acids do we use in the lab
- hydrochloric acid, HCl
- sulphuric acid, H2SO4
- nitric acid, HNO3
what is a base/alkali
bases release hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved un water
what is a strong base
-alkali used to clean labs or bleach, dangerous to touch.
what is a weak base
- found in soap and other cleaning products
- safe to handle
- feels soapy
what bases do we use in lab
- sodium hydroxide, NaOH
- potassium hydroxide, KOH
- calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
what is neutralisation
when an acid and base are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs. they cancel each other out
what is is neutralisation formula
Acid + base —> salt + water
what is litmus paper
- paper/solution that turns red in acid or blue in alkali
- cant show strength
what is the pH scale
- pH scale is used to measure strength of an acid and base
- scale is from 0 (strongest acid) to 14 (strongest base)
what are indicators
indicators are dyes that change colour, depending on whether they are a base or acid
what is Phenolphthalein
- colourless in acid or neutral
- pink in alkali
- cant show strength
what is a universal indicator
- many different colour changes
- red (strong acid), green (neutral), purple (strong base)
- can show strength
what is a salt
ionic compound that consists of one metal ion and one non-metal ion
- dissolves in water(soluble)
- neutral substance
salts produced by 3 lab acids
- hydrochloric acid, Chloride
- Sulfuric acid, Sulfate
- Nitric acid, Nitrate
what is an acid carbonate reaction
when an acid and carbonate are mixed, a chemical reaction occurs.
- when acid is neutralised by carbonate, 3 products are formed: Salt + water + carbon dioxide
what are the 3 ways to make salt
- acid + base —> salt + water
- acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen
- acid + metal carbonate—> salt + water + carbon dioxide
what are some common carbonates
calcium carbonate, CaCO3
sodium carbonate, Na2CO3
sodium hydrogen, NaHCO3
carbonate
what is a reaction rate
a reaction rate describes the speed at which a chemical equation occurs
what is collision theory
for a reaction to occur, particles must collide with sufficient energy and correct orientation.
How do you increase the reaction rate
Temp- ⬆️ temp = ⬆️ kinetic energy of particles = ⬆️ movement of particles = ⬆️ collisions
Concentration- ⬆️concentration= ⬆️ particles per unit volume= ⬆️collisions
Surface area- ⬆️ surface area ⬆️ amount of energy available for collisions = ⬆️ collision rate.
