Acids and Bases Flashcards
1
Q
what is an Acid
A
a compund that release hydrogen ions (h+) when dissolved in water
2
Q
what is a strong acid
A
- found in labs or car battery = dangerous to touch/eat
- corrosive
2
Q
what is a weak acid
A
- found in everyday items such as food and skincare products
- safe to eat and handle
2
Q
what acids do we use in the lab
A
- hydrochloric acid, HCl
- sulphuric acid, H2SO4
- nitric acid, HNO3
3
Q
what is a base/alkali
A
bases release hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved un water
3
Q
what is a strong base
A
-alkali used to clean labs or bleach, dangerous to touch.
4
Q
what is a weak base
A
- found in soap and other cleaning products
- safe to handle
- feels soapy
5
Q
what bases do we use in lab
A
- sodium hydroxide, NaOH
- potassium hydroxide, KOH
- calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
5
Q
what is neutralisation
A
when an acid and base are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs. they cancel each other out
6
Q
what is is neutralisation formula
A
Acid + base —> salt + water
7
Q
what is litmus paper
A
- paper/solution that turns red in acid or blue in alkali
- cant show strength
7
Q
what is the pH scale
A
- pH scale is used to measure strength of an acid and base
- scale is from 0 (strongest acid) to 14 (strongest base)
8
Q
what are indicators
A
indicators are dyes that change colour, depending on whether they are a base or acid
9
Q
what is Phenolphthalein
A
- colourless in acid or neutral
- pink in alkali
- cant show strength
9
Q
what is a universal indicator
A
- many different colour changes
- red (strong acid), green (neutral), purple (strong base)
- can show strength
