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Rad pro > electricity > Flashcards

electricity Flashcards

1
Q

supplied to the X-ray imaging
system to be converted into electromagnetic
energy

A

Electric energy

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2
Q

• It is the set of phenomena associated with the presence and
motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.

A

electricity

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3
Q

• It is the presence and flow (movement) of charge.

A

Electricity

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4
Q

It is sometimes used to mean “electrical”.

A

Electricity

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5
Q

It is the basic property of matter carries by some elementary
particles

A

electric charge

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6
Q

It comes into two types: positive (+) and negative (-)

A

Electric charge

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7
Q

The unit of charge is_____
which was named after Charles-
Augustin de Coulomb (eminent
French Physicist)

A

Coulomb

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8
Q

• The unit of charge is Coulomb
which was named after _______ (eminent
French Physicist)

A

Charles-
Augustin de Coulomb

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9
Q

One (1) Coulomb =

A

6.24x 1018 electron charges

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10
Q

The smallest unit of “free” charge known in nature is the charge of an
electron or proton which has a magnitude of

A

1.602 x 10-19 C

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11
Q

Electric charges associated with electrons and protons have the same magnitude but opposite signs

A
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12
Q

• It states that “the electrical force
between two charged objects is
directly proportional to the product of
the quantity of charge on the objects
and inversely proportional to the
square of the separation distance
between the two objects”.

A

Coulomb’s law

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13
Q

• Fe = electric force
• k = Coulomb constant (9 x 109 Nm2/C2)
• q1 = charge on object 1
• q2 = charge on object 2
• r = distance between charges

A

Coulomb’s law

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14
Q

It is a force that acts at a distance,
even when objects are not in contact
with one another

A

Electrostatic force

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15
Q

The action at a distance means that
one charge creates a field which in
turn acts on the other charge

A

Electrostatic force

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16
Q

This provides a convenient graphical presentation of
the electric field in space

A

Electric field lines

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17
Q

the direction of the field lines is outward for

A

positive charge

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18
Q

the direction of the field lines is inward for

A

negative charge

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19
Q

Three Ways for a Neutral Object to be Charged

A
  1. Friction
  2. Conduction
  3. Induction
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20
Q

Occurs when two different
materials rub against each other
causing the transfer of electrons

A

friction

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21
Q

the opposing force
which acts in the opposite
direction of the movement of the
upper body

A

friction

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22
Q

Occurs when a neutral object is
placed in contact with an already-
charged objec

A

conduction

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23
Q

a
charged object is brought
near but not touched to a
neutral conducting object.

A

induction

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24
Q

The presence of a charged
object near a neutral
conductor will force (or
induce) electrons within the
conductor to move.

A

induction

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25
Q

Four (4) Electric States of Matter

A

• Superconductor
• Conductor
• Semiconductor
• Insulator

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26
Q

No resistance to electron flow, no
electric potential required, and must
be very cold

A

Superconductor

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27
Q

The critical temperature usually
between

A

absolute zero and 10 Kelvin
(-273 Celsius and -263 Celsius or as
high as 125 Kelvin (-148 Celsius)

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28
Q

are
used in machines for nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) in
hospitals and in the orientation
of the beam of a particle
accelerator.

A

Superconductor

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29
Q

substance in which electrical
charge carriers (usually
electrons), move easily from
atom to atom with the
application of voltage

A

conductor

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30
Q

copper, aluminum

A

conductor

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31
Q

It is a material that does not
conduct electrical current

A

insulator

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32
Q

These materials include paper,
plastic, rubber, and glass.

A

insulator

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33
Q

A solid substance that has a
conductivity between that of an
insulator and that of most metals

A

SemiConductor

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34
Q

Devices made of semiconductors,
notably silicon, are essential
components of most electronic
circuits

A

SemiConductor

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35
Q

It is defined as the ____ ______ energy, U , per unit charge

A

Electric potential (V)

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36
Q

Electric potential (V) formula

A

V = U/q

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37
Q

Sometimes referred to as the voltage

A

Electric potential (V)

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38
Q

The higher the voltage, the greater the potential to do work

A
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39
Q

It is an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in
volts

A

voltage

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40
Q

The Volt unit is named after _______, an Italian
physicist who invented an electric battery

A

Alessandro Volta

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41
Q

1 V =

A

1 J/C

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42
Q

It is the rate of flow of electrons in a wire.

A

Electric Current

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43
Q

si unit of electric current

A

Ampere (A)

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44
Q

SI Unit is Ampere (A) which was named after

A

Andre Marie
Ampere

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45
Q

Electric Current: 1 A is the flow of electric charge across a surface at the rate of
1C/s

A
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46
Q

• It is a measure of opposition to the flow of electric current
• The inverse is electrical conductance

A

Electric Resistance

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47
Q

si unit of Electric Resistance

A

ohm Ω

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48
Q

Electric resistance SI unit is Ohm (Ω), named after a German physicist and mathematician?

A

Georg Simon Ohm

49
Q

• “The amount of electric current through a metal conductor
in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage applied
across it and inversely proportional to the resistance”

A

ohm’s law

50
Q

Power is a measure of energy per unit time.

A

Electric Power

51
Q

measure of energy per unit time.

A

power

52
Q

gives the rate of energy consumption or production.

A

power

53
Q

The units for power are generally

A

watts or W

54
Q

• P = IV
• P = I2R

A

electric power

55
Q

• P –power in Watts (W), I –electric current in Ampere (A), R –electric
resistance in Ohm (W), and V –voltage in Volts (V)

A
56
Q

The amount of electrical energy transferred to a device depends on its power and the length of time it is switched on.

A
57
Q

Electric energy is measured in

A

kilowatt-hours, kWh.

58
Q

E = P x t

A

electric energy

59
Q

a fundamental property of some forms of matter.

A

magnetism

60
Q

Some objects are known to attract iron fillings. These phenomena is
called

A

magnetism

61
Q

A charge particle in motion also creates

A

magnetic field

62
Q

In radiologic sciences, understanding magnetism is important in
__________ which uses powerful magnetic fields to
create images of the human body.

A

magnetic resonance imaging

63
Q

vector field
that describes the magnetic influence of electrical currents
and magnetized materials.

A

magnetic field

64
Q

The motion of orbital electrons
and their spins, in opposite direction produce

A

tiny magnetic fields

65
Q

also created by a moving electric charge

A

magnetic field

66
Q

• SI Unit of magnetic field (B) is Tesla (T)
• 1 Tesla = 1 Ns / Cm (Newton second per Coulomb meter
• Magnetic field (B) is also measured in Gauss (G)
• 1 T = 10,000 G

A

magnetic field

67
Q

SI Unit of magnetic field (B) is

A

Tesla T

68
Q

Magnetic field (B) is also measured in

A

Gauss (G)

69
Q

1 T =

A

10000 G

70
Q

is dipolar (magnetic dipole). It has a
north and south pole.

A

Magnetic field

71
Q

are regions at the end of the magnet where the magnetic field are strongest

A

Poles

72
Q

Like magnetic poles

A

repel

73
Q

unlike magnetic poles

A

attract

74
Q

a region
created by the accumulation of
many atomic magnets with their
dipoles aligned.

A

Magnetic domain

75
Q

This means that the individual
magnetic moments of the atoms
are aligned with one another,
and they point in the same
direction.

A

Magnetic Domain

76
Q

a consequence of the electromagnetic force,
one of the four fundamental forces of nature, and is caused by the
motion of charges.

A

Magnetic Force

77
Q

The magnetic force is a consequence of the electromagnetic force,
one of the four fundamental forces of nature, and is caused by the

A

motion of charges.

78
Q

magnetic force : Two objects containing charge with the same direction of motion have

A

a magnetic attraction force between them.

79
Q

magnetic force: objects with charge moving in opposite directions have

A

a
repulsive force between them

80
Q

Like poles repel, unlike
poles attract

A

Magnetic Law

81
Q

As moving charges create magnetic fields, so they
experience forces from magnetic fields generated by
other materials. The magnitude of the force experienced
by a particle traveling in a magnetic field depends on
the charge of the particle (q), the velocity of the particle(v),
the strength of the field(B), and, importantly, the angle
between their relative directions(θ):

A

Lorentz Force

82
Q

described by the Lorentz Force Law

A

magnetic force

83
Q

Example is the Earth.
Lodestone has been
exposed to Earth’s
magnetic field for a long
time and has developed a
strong magnetism.

A

Natural magnets

84
Q

Usually made of iron.
Made by aligning their
domains in the field of an
electromagnet.

A

Permanent magnets

85
Q

Consists of
wire wrapped around an iron
core. When electric current
is conducted through the
wire, a magnetic field is
created.

A

Electromagnets

86
Q

Materials
that are unaffected by
magnetic field

A

Nonmagnetic

87
Q

Materials that are
weakly repelled by magnetic
fields. They cannot be artificially
magnetized, and they are not
attracted to a magnet.
•Ex. Copper, beryllium, lead

A

Diamagnetic

88
Q

Materials that lie
somewhere between
ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic.
They are slightly attracted to a
magnet and loosely influence by
an external magnetic field.

A

Paramagnetic

89
Q

Gadolinium -contrast agents
used in MRI, platinum,
aluminum

A

Paramagnetic

90
Q

Strongly
attracted to magnets or
magnetic materials and usually
can be permanently magnetized
by exposure to a magnetic field.

A

Ferromagnetic

91
Q

Alnico –combination of
aluminum, nickel, cobalt

A

Ferromagnetic

92
Q

a process where a
magnetic field is created by
introducing a current into the
conductor or by producing electricity
with changing magnetic field

A

Electromagnetism

93
Q

a branch of
Physics that deals with the
electromagnetic force that occurs
between electrically charged particle

A

Electromagnetism

94
Q

a type of physical interaction
that occurs between electrically charged particles.

A

Electromagnetic force (EMF)

95
Q

It acts between charged particles and is the
combination of all magnetic and electrical forces.

A

Electromagnetic force (EMF)

96
Q

can be attractive or
repulsive.

A

electromagnetic force

97
Q

Any charge in motion induces a

A

magnetic field

98
Q

Electrons flowing in a wire creates a

A

magnetic field

99
Q

represented by the
imaginary lines that form concentric
circles centered on the wire.

A

magnetic field

100
Q

overlap inside
the loop because the wire is curved

A

magnetic field lines

101
Q

All the magnetic field lines come
together at the ____ of the loop
making the magnetic field strong

A

center

102
Q

A coil of wire is called a

A

solenoid

103
Q

The magnetic field can be
intensified by wrapping the
coil of wire around
ferromagnetic material
(iron).

A
104
Q

a current-
carrying wire wrapped around an
iron core, which intensified

A

electromagnet

105
Q

The _____ intensifies the
magnetic field.

A

iron core

106
Q

discovered
that electric currents create
magnetic fields.

A

Hans Christian Ørsted(Danish
physicist and chemist)

107
Q

In 1831, formulated two laws on bases of his experiments

A

Michael Faraday

108
Q

Whenever a conductor are
placed in a varying magnetic field, an
electromotive force (emf) is induced. If the conductor circuit is closed, a current is
induced which is called induced current

A

first law

109
Q

Faraday’s concluded that an electric current cannot be induced in a circuit merely by presence of magnetic field.
• It should be a changing magnetic field.

A
110
Q

The magnitude of
the induced emf in a coil is equal
to the rate of change of flux that
linkages with the coil.”

A

second law

111
Q

the product of
the number of turns in the coil
and the flux associated with the
coil.

A

flux linkage

112
Q

proposes a Theory of Electromagnetic
Filed which has something to do with the space in the neighborhood of the electric or magnetic bodies

A

James Clerk Maxwell

113
Q

that part of space which contains
and surrounds bodies in electric or magnetic conditions

A

Electromagnetic field

114
Q

are waves that
are created as a result of vibrations between an
electric field and a magnetic field

A

Electromagnetic waves or EM waves

115
Q

a form of energy that is
produced by oscillating electric and magnetic
disturbance, or by the movement of electrically
charged particles traveling through a vacuum or
matter.

A

Electromagnetic energy

116
Q

The electric field and magnetic field of
an electromagnetic wave are
______ to each
other. They are also perpendicular to
the direction of the EM wave.

A

perpendicular

117
Q

can travel through anything –air, solid material or
even in a vacuum

A

EM waves

118
Q

cannot be deflected by electric field nor magnetic field.

A

EM waves

119
Q

EM waves travel at the speed of light through empty space.
• Speed of light = 3x108meters/sec or 186,000 miles/sec
EM waves travel in a form of transverse wave.
EM are classified according to their frequency and
wavelength.

A

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