Basic Concept of Radiation Flashcards
The emission of energy as
electromagnetic waves or as
moving subatomic particles,
especially high-energy
particles which cause
ionization
radiation
A stream of particles or
electromagnetic waves
emitted by the atoms and
molecules of a radioactive
substance as a result of
nuclear decay
radiation
is the process by which ions
are formed by gain or loss of
an electron from an atom or
molecule.
IONIZATION
MEANS OF RADIATION ENTRY THROUGH THE BODY
MODES OF ENTRY
- Inhalation
2.Ingestion
3.Absorption/ skin
cuts
is a constant source of ionizing radiation
present in the environment and emitted from a variety of
sources.
Background radiation - NATURAL SOURCES
The sun and stars send
a constant stream of
cosmic radiation to earth much like a steady drizzle of rain
natural sources
A source of natural background
radiation, which originates in outer
space and is composed of
penetrating ionizing radiation (both
particulate and electromagnetic).
COSMIC BACKGROUND
RADIATION
Electromagnetic radiation emitted
by the Earth’s surface and
atmosphere is called ______ (Arnfield 2020)
Radioactive material is also found
throughout nature such as in soil,
water, and vegetation
terrestrial or
long wave radiation
Low levels of Uranium, Thorium, and
their decay products are found
everywhere. Some of these materials are
ingested with food and water, while
others, such as Radon are inhaled.
terrestrial radiation
The major isotopes of concern for
terrestrial radiation are Uranium
and the decay products of uranium,
such as Throrium, Radium, and
Radon
terrestrial radiation
naturally occurring radioactive gas
which can accumulate in enclosed places,
including houses and other buildings.
radon
When a radioactive atom decays, its nucleus,
which is unstable, breaks down, turning into
the nucleus of another element called a
daughter product.
In addition to the cosmic and
terrestrial sources, all people also
have:
• radioactive Potassium-40 (K40)
• Carbon-14 (C14)
• Lead-210 (Pb210)
• and other isotopes inside their
bodies from birth.
INTERNAL RADIONUCLIDE
(RADIATION)
from one person to
another is not as great as
the variation in dose from
cosmic and terrestrial
sources.
It is the primary source of
radiation from the human
body.
The ____ concentration in
the body is fairly high
potassium-40
ingested in many
food that we eat and is a
critically important element for
proper functioning of the human
body.
The amount of the radioactive isotope
K40 in a 70-kg person is about
5,000 Bq, which represents 5,000
atoms undergoing radioactive decay
each second
potassium
The source of ______
essentially are from human food
derived from plants.
The rates of disintegration of
Potassium-40 and Carbon-14 in
the normal adult body are
comparable (a few thousand
disintegrated nuclei per second).
Carbon-14
MAN-MADE RADIATION SOURCES
TWO DISTINCT GROUPS EXPOSED TO
MAN-MADE RADIATION SOURCES
- Members of the public
2.Occupationally exposed
individuals
is any individual except
when that individual is receiving an occupational
dose.
members of the public
The most significant source of man-made
radiation exposure to the public is from
medical procedures, such as diagnostic x-
rays, nuclear medicine, and radiation
therapy.
Some of the major isotopes would be
• Iodine-131
• Technicium-99m
• Cobalt-60
• Iridium-192
• Cesium-137 and others
Exposure to the public
Members of the public are exposed
to radiation from consumer
products, such as tobacco (Thorium),
building materials, combustible fuels
(gas, coal, etc.), ophthalmic glass,
televisions..
Exposure to the public
Luminous watches and dials (Tritium),
airport x-ray systems, smoke
detectors (Americium), road
construction materials, electron
tubes, fluorescent lamp starters,
lantern mantles (Thorium), etc.
Exposure to the public
Of lesser magnitude, members of
the public are exposed to
radiation from the nuclear fuel
cycle, which includes the entire
sequence from mining and milling
of Uranium to the actual
production of power at a nuclear
plant.
Exposure to the public
The finals sources of exposure to
the public would be shipment of
radioactive materials and residual
fallout from nuclear weapon
testing and accidents, such as
Chernobyl in Ukraine and
Fukushima in Japan.
Exposure to the public
