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science 9 > electricity > Flashcards

electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

where are protons, neutrons and electrons found

A

Protons (+) and neutrons (0) are contained in the nucleus
Electrons (-) orbit around the nucleus

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2
Q

what are the three laws of electricity

A
  1. opposite charges are attracted to each other
  2. like charges repel
  3. charged objects attract neutral objects
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3
Q

whats the charge of an ion called

A

electrostatic charge.

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4
Q

how does an object become electrostatically charged

A

An object becomes electrostatically charged by friction, which transfers electrons between two objects in contact

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5
Q

when does static electricity happen

A

Static electricity happens when there is an imbalance of electrons between two objects.

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6
Q

give a natural example of static electricity

A

Lightning - lightning is a discharge from the static electricity formed by raindrops rubbing against one another

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7
Q

what do Van De Graaff Generators create

A

static electricity

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8
Q

what do Amperes (A) measure

A

Measures the rate at which electrical current flows

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9
Q

what is electric current

A

Electric current is a steady flow of charged particles(electrons) in the same way that a water current flows.

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10
Q

what is an energy source

A

A voltage source of electricity (battery/cell)

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11
Q

whats a conductor

A

for transmitting electrons
(eg. copper wire)

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12
Q

what is a load or form of resistance

A

resistance can come in many forms. It might be a light bulb, an electric motor or resistor.

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13
Q

what is voltage

A

Voltage is the force that pushes electrons through the circuit. The greater the voltage and current, the more work that a circuit can do.

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14
Q

what does voltage measure

A

Voltage (V):
A measure of the potential difference between two places in a circuit.
In other words, voltage tells us how much energy each charged particle carries.
The higher the voltage, the more energy each particle has.

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15
Q

what are insulators

A

Insulators (such as wood, rubber and air) don’t allow the flow of electricity, but moisture is a good conductor of electricity, so avoid water when working with electricity. insulators have more tightly bound electrons

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16
Q

what do fuses and circuit breakers do

A

Fuses and circuit breakers interrupt a circuit when there is too much current flowing through it.

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17
Q

what are fuses

A

Fuses contain a thin piece of metal, which is designed to melt if the current is too high.

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18
Q

what are dry cells

A

Electricity-producing cells referred to dry cells are ‘dry’ because the chemicals used are in a paste.

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19
Q

whats an electrode

A

An electrolyte is a paste or liquid that conducts electricity because it contains chemicals that form ions.

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20
Q

whats a wet cell

A

These are called ‘wet’ because the electrolyte is a liquid (usually an acid). In a car battery, the electrolyte is sulfuric acid.

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21
Q

how does a wet cell work

A

Electrons travel from the negative electrode (zinc) through the device and on to the positive electrode

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22
Q

how does a secondary cell work

A

The chemical reactions in a secondary cell (rechargeable) can be reversed by using an external electrical source to rejuvenate the cell.

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23
Q

whats a battery

A

Connecting cells together creates a battery, which is a sealed case with only two terminals.

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24
Q

what is electrolysis

A

Electrolysis:electricity is used to split molecules into their elements.

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25
Q

what is electroplating

A

A thin coating is used to cover (and often strengthen) the material.

This is often used to protect the metal from corrosion.

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26
Q

what is the difference between the electrons in insulators vs conductors

A

Insulators:
Electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus allowing little movement. Eg. wood
Conductors:
Electrons are free to move to the positive terminal when a voltage source is applied.eg. metal

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27
Q

what are semi conductors

A

At high temps they act like conductors.
At low temps they act like insulators.

28
Q

what are super conductors

A

Perfect conductors (no resistance)

29
Q

what is resistance

A

A measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow. Measured in ohms (Ώ)

30
Q

what does high resistance create

A

High resistance creates heat or light.

31
Q

what are resistors

A

allow current to pass through but provides resistance, limiting the current.

32
Q

what is a switch

A

A switch is a device that allows the flow of electrons or stops the flow.

33
Q

what is a variable resistors used for

A

To change the electron flow gradually, a variable resistor, or rheostat is used

34
Q

what is ohms law

A

Ohm’s Law states that as long as temperature stays the same:
the resistance of a conductor stays constant, and
the current is directly proportional to the voltage applied

35
Q

what are the parts of a circuit what do they do

A
  1. A source provides energy and a supply of electrons for the circuit.
  2. A conductor provides a path for current.
  3. A switching mechanism controls current flow, turning it on and off, or directing it into different parts of the circuit.
  4. A load converts electrical energy into another form of energy.
36
Q

what is a series circuit

A

there is only one pathway for the current to flow. If there is a break in a circuit the whole circuit cannot function.

37
Q

what is a parallel circuit

A

there are multiple pathways for the current to flow. Components in the circuit can have their own pathway to the current source.

38
Q

what kind of circuits do houses use

A

parallel

39
Q

what is chemical energy

A

Energy stored in chemicals and released when chemicals react
It is potential or stored energy in foods, fuels, batteries, and explosives

40
Q

what is electrical energy

A

The energy of charged particles. Electrical energy is transferred when electrons travel from place to place

41
Q

what is mechanical energy

A

-Energy of motion.

-The energy possessed by an object because of its motion or its potential to move.
42
Q

what is thermal energy

A

Total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance.
The faster a particle moves the more kinetic energy it has.

43
Q

what is a thermocouple

A

A device that converts thermal energy to electricity.

44
Q

whats a permanite magnate

A

a hard steel alloy which remains magnetized for a long period of time (like fridge magnets)

45
Q

whats an electromagnet

A

a coil of wire (usually with an iron core ) which when attached to a current has magnetic effects.
Advantage: you can turn it off and on… like the ones used at car impounds/ wreckers)

46
Q

what are the parts of a St. Lous motor

A

Armature - the rotating shaft with the coil wrapped around it

Commutator - a split ring that breaks the flow of electricity for a moment and then reverses the flow in the coil, when the contact is broken, so is the magnetic field

Brushes - reverse the flow of electricity through the electromagnetic coil
make contact with commutator by “brushing” against it

47
Q

what are transformers used for

A

transformers can be used to change the amount of voltage with minimal energy loss.

48
Q

what is a primary coil

A

a current-carrying wire is wrapped around one side of an iron ring called a core.

49
Q

what is a secondary coil

A

A secondary coil of wire is wrapped around the other side of the core.

50
Q

what is a step-down transformer

A

reduce voltage
More windings on the primary coil.
Fewer windings on the secondary coil.

51
Q

what is a step-up transformer

A

increase voltage
Fewer wraps around primary coil
More wraps around secondary coil.

52
Q

what are the different types of generators

A

Wind
Hydro-electric
Steam driven: nuclear, coal, geothermal and biomass.

53
Q

what is power

A

the rate at which we use energy. Measured in Watts (W)

54
Q

what is the law of conservation of energy

A

Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can not be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

55
Q

what is nuclear fission

A

Nuclear fission is the splitting of the atoms of a heavy element such as uranium.

56
Q

what is geothermal energy

A

Geothermal energy is energy that is derived from the internal heat of the Earth

57
Q

what is biomass

A

Biomass is biodegradable waste such as agricultural waste or composting

58
Q

what is cogeneration

A

Cogeneration is the use of waste energy from another process, such as heating or generating electricity

59
Q

what are alternative energy sources

A
  1. Moving water from ocean tides can also power turbines that run generators.
  2. Wind energy can be harnessed to turn a shaft. A number of wind-powered generators can be connected together in wind farms to produce large amounts of electrical energy.
60
Q

what are solar and fuel cells

A
  1. Solar cells use the photovoltaic effect to produce electricity. Today’s silicon-based solar cells are much more efficient than the first solar cells.
  2. Fuel cells generate electricity directly from a chemical reaction with a fuel such as hydrogen. The hydrogen comes from sources such as gasoline or alcohol.
61
Q

what are Nonrenewable resources

A

Nonrenewable resources cannot be replaced as they are used up. Alberta’s fossil fuel resources (coal, oil, and natural gas) are nonrenewable resources.

62
Q

what are renewable resources

A

Renewable resources can be renewed or replenished naturally in relatively short periods of time. Wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and biomass are renewable resources.

63
Q

what is fly ash

A

Fly ash is airborne ash that is produced from burning coal. Fly ash contains small amounts of mercury which is a poisonous metal that can damage the nervous system.

64
Q

what is sustainability

A

Sustainability means using resources at a rate that can be maintained indefinitely.

65
Q

what are the three main benefits of electrical technology

A

speed, efficiency and convenience

science 9 (5 decks)

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