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electricity Flashcards

1
Q

where are protons, neutrons and electrons found

A

Protons (+) and neutrons (0) are contained in the nucleus
Electrons (-) orbit around the nucleus

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2
Q

what are the three laws of electricity

A
  1. opposite charges are attracted to each other
  2. like charges repel
  3. charged objects attract neutral objects
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3
Q

whats the charge of an ion called

A

electrostatic charge.

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4
Q

how does an object become electrostatically charged

A

An object becomes electrostatically charged by friction, which transfers electrons between two objects in contact

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5
Q

when does static electricity happen

A

Static electricity happens when there is an imbalance of electrons between two objects.

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6
Q

give a natural example of static electricity

A

Lightning - lightning is a discharge from the static electricity formed by raindrops rubbing against one another

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7
Q

what do Van De Graaff Generators create

A

static electricity

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8
Q

what do Amperes (A) measure

A

Measures the rate at which electrical current flows

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9
Q

what is electric current

A

Electric current is a steady flow of charged particles(electrons) in the same way that a water current flows.

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10
Q

what is an energy source

A

A voltage source of electricity (battery/cell)

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11
Q

whats a conductor

A

for transmitting electrons
(eg. copper wire)

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12
Q

what is a load or form of resistance

A

resistance can come in many forms. It might be a light bulb, an electric motor or resistor.

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13
Q

what is voltage

A

Voltage is the force that pushes electrons through the circuit. The greater the voltage and current, the more work that a circuit can do.

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14
Q

what does voltage measure

A

Voltage (V):
A measure of the potential difference between two places in a circuit.
In other words, voltage tells us how much energy each charged particle carries.
The higher the voltage, the more energy each particle has.

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15
Q

what are insulators

A

Insulators (such as wood, rubber and air) don’t allow the flow of electricity, but moisture is a good conductor of electricity, so avoid water when working with electricity. insulators have more tightly bound electrons

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16
Q

what do fuses and circuit breakers do

A

Fuses and circuit breakers interrupt a circuit when there is too much current flowing through it.

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17
Q

what are fuses

A

Fuses contain a thin piece of metal, which is designed to melt if the current is too high.

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18
Q

what are dry cells

A

Electricity-producing cells referred to dry cells are ‘dry’ because the chemicals used are in a paste.

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19
Q

whats an electrode

A

An electrolyte is a paste or liquid that conducts electricity because it contains chemicals that form ions.

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20
Q

whats a wet cell

A

These are called ‘wet’ because the electrolyte is a liquid (usually an acid). In a car battery, the electrolyte is sulfuric acid.

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21
Q

how does a wet cell work

A

Electrons travel from the negative electrode (zinc) through the device and on to the positive electrode

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22
Q

how does a secondary cell work

A

The chemical reactions in a secondary cell (rechargeable) can be reversed by using an external electrical source to rejuvenate the cell.

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23
Q

whats a battery

A

Connecting cells together creates a battery, which is a sealed case with only two terminals.

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24
Q

what is electrolysis

A

Electrolysis:electricity is used to split molecules into their elements.

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25
what is electroplating
A thin coating is used to cover (and often strengthen) the material. This is often used to protect the metal from corrosion.
26
what is the difference between the electrons in insulators vs conductors
Insulators: Electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus allowing little movement. Eg. wood Conductors: Electrons are free to move to the positive terminal when a voltage source is applied.eg. metal
27
what are semi conductors
At high temps they act like conductors. At low temps they act like insulators.
28
what are super conductors
Perfect conductors (no resistance)
29
what is resistance
A measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow. Measured in ohms (Ώ)
30
what does high resistance create
High resistance creates heat or light.
31
what are resistors
allow current to pass through but provides resistance, limiting the current.
32
what is a switch
A switch is a device that allows the flow of electrons or stops the flow.
33
what is a variable resistors used for
To change the electron flow gradually, a variable resistor, or rheostat is used
34
what is ohms law
Ohm's Law states that as long as temperature stays the same: the resistance of a conductor stays constant, and the current is directly proportional to the voltage applied
35
what are the parts of a circuit what do they do
1. A source provides energy and a supply of electrons for the circuit. 2. A conductor provides a path for current. 3. A switching mechanism controls current flow, turning it on and off, or directing it into different parts of the circuit. 4. A load converts electrical energy into another form of energy.
36
what is a series circuit
there is only one pathway for the current to flow. If there is a break in a circuit the whole circuit cannot function.
37
what is a parallel circuit
there are multiple pathways for the current to flow. Components in the circuit can have their own pathway to the current source.
38
what kind of circuits do houses use
parallel
39
what is chemical energy
Energy stored in chemicals and released when chemicals react It is potential or stored energy in foods, fuels, batteries, and explosives
40
what is electrical energy
The energy of charged particles. Electrical energy is transferred when electrons travel from place to place
41
what is mechanical energy
-Energy of motion. -The energy possessed by an object because of its motion or its potential to move.
42
what is thermal energy
Total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance. The faster a particle moves the more kinetic energy it has.
43
what is a thermocouple
A device that converts thermal energy to electricity.
44
whats a permanite magnate
a hard steel alloy which remains magnetized for a long period of time (like fridge magnets)
45
whats an electromagnet
a coil of wire (usually with an iron core ) which when attached to a current has magnetic effects. Advantage: you can turn it off and on… like the ones used at car impounds/ wreckers)
46
what are the parts of a St. Lous motor
Armature - the rotating shaft with the coil wrapped around it Commutator - a split ring that breaks the flow of electricity for a moment and then reverses the flow in the coil, when the contact is broken, so is the magnetic field Brushes - reverse the flow of electricity through the electromagnetic coil make contact with commutator by “brushing” against it
47
what are transformers used for
transformers can be used to change the amount of voltage with minimal energy loss.
48
what is a primary coil
a current-carrying wire is wrapped around one side of an iron ring called a core.
49
what is a secondary coil
A secondary coil of wire is wrapped around the other side of the core.
50
what is a step-down transformer
reduce voltage More windings on the primary coil. Fewer windings on the secondary coil.
51
what is a step-up transformer
increase voltage Fewer wraps around primary coil More wraps around secondary coil.
52
what are the different types of generators
Wind Hydro-electric Steam driven: nuclear, coal, geothermal and biomass.
53
what is power
the rate at which we use energy. Measured in Watts (W)
54
what is the law of conservation of energy
Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can not be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
55
what is nuclear fission
Nuclear fission is the splitting of the atoms of a heavy element such as uranium.
56
what is geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is energy that is derived from the internal heat of the Earth
57
what is biomass
Biomass is biodegradable waste such as agricultural waste or composting
58
what is cogeneration
Cogeneration is the use of waste energy from another process, such as heating or generating electricity
59
what are alternative energy sources
7. Moving water from ocean tides can also power turbines that run generators. 8. Wind energy can be harnessed to turn a shaft. A number of wind-powered generators can be connected together in wind farms to produce large amounts of electrical energy.
60
what are solar and fuel cells
9. Solar cells use the photovoltaic effect to produce electricity. Today’s silicon-based solar cells are much more efficient than the first solar cells. 10. Fuel cells generate electricity directly from a chemical reaction with a fuel such as hydrogen. The hydrogen comes from sources such as gasoline or alcohol.
61
what are Nonrenewable resources
Nonrenewable resources cannot be replaced as they are used up. Alberta’s fossil fuel resources (coal, oil, and natural gas) are nonrenewable resources.
62
what are renewable resources
Renewable resources can be renewed or replenished naturally in relatively short periods of time. Wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and biomass are renewable resources.
63
what is fly ash
Fly ash is airborne ash that is produced from burning coal. Fly ash contains small amounts of mercury which is a poisonous metal that can damage the nervous system.
64
what is sustainability
Sustainability means using resources at a rate that can be maintained indefinitely.
65
what are the three main benefits of electrical technology
speed, efficiency and convenience

science 9 (5 decks)

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