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biological diversity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the conditions for life

A
  • are made of cells
  • need energy to live
  • grow and develop

-reproduce

have adaptations that suit them to their environment

respond to their environment

are made of CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen)

produce wastes

exchange gases

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2
Q

what are adaptations

A

features that increase an organism’s chances of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment

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3
Q

what are populations

A

Population – Group of an individual species which frequent a common, specific area, and share the same food, habitat and types of mating partners.

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4
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

an environment where biotic and abiotic things interact

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5
Q

what are community’s

A

populations of different species that live together in the same area

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6
Q

what is a species

A

organisms with the same basic structures members must have the ability to interbreed and produce viable offspring.

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7
Q

define genetic diversity

A

the range of different inherited traits within a species

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8
Q

why is Latin used commonly for science

A

its a dead language

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9
Q

what is interdependance

A

how each species depends on many other species in its environment

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10
Q

define mutualism, parasitism and Commensalism

A

Commensalism- one benefits other isnt harmed (+0)

mutualism- both benefit (++)

parasitism- one benefits other is harmed (+-)

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11
Q

what is inter species competition

A

when the same species fight over resources

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12
Q

what a niche

A

A niche is the role of an organism within a particular ecosystem

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13
Q

what is resource partitioning

A

In order for organisms to live successfully with each other in an area, they must have slightly different roles.

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14
Q

define natural selection

A

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success

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15
Q

what are inherited characteristics

A

characteristics that are
traits which are passed on to offspring
directly from their parents.

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16
Q

what are non-heritable characteristics

A

characteristics are
acquired and not necessarily passed on
from generation to generation.

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17
Q

what is discrete variation

A

there are only 2 options

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18
Q

define continuous variation

A

many options in characteristics

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19
Q

what is asexual reproduction

A

reproduction that only involves one parent

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20
Q

what is binary fission

A

only single-celled organisms reproduce
in this way. The cell splits into two cells
and each one is identical.

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21
Q

what is budding

A

the parent organism produces a bud (a smaller
version of itself) which eventually detaches itself
from the parent and becomes a self-sufficient
individual

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22
Q

whats spore production

A

spores are similar to seeds, but are produced by
the division of cells on the parent, not by the
union of two cells.

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23
Q

what is vegetative

A

The reproduction of a plant not involving a seed,
including: cuttings, runners, suckers, tubers.

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24
Q

what is sexual reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction usually involves two
individual organisms (some plants and
animals can self-fertilize).

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25
define gametes
reproductive cells that have only one role
26
what is the combination of male and female gametes called
zygote
27
what is the stage after a zygote, how does it form
The zygote divides first into two cells and those cells continues to divide over and over(cleavage) resulting in the development of an embryo.
28
what has the male gametes in a flower
Pollen contains the male gametes and is found on the stamen.
29
what part of the flower contains the female gametes
Ovules contain the female gametes and are found in the pistil.
30
when does pollination occur
Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil.
31
when does cross-pollination
Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from one plant is carried to the stigma of another plant by wind, water, animals or insects (bees or butterflies).
32
when does cross-fertilization
Cross-fertilization occurs when a grain of the pollen forms a long tube which grows down the style into the ovary.
33
what are the advantages and disadvantages
ADVANTAGES does not require any specialized cells only need one parent produce many offspring very quickly advantage where the environment doesn't change very much (ex. bacteria). DISADVANTAGES little genetic variation less adaptability to a new or changing environment
34
what are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction
ADVANTAGES Greater genetic variation within a species Variation usually helps a species survive when the environment changes. DISADVANTAGES Takes a lot of energy Takes a lot of time Comparatively smaller populations are produced.
35
what is the name for DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
36
what chemicals are in DNA
Each rung pairs up two of the following chemicals: guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and thymine (T).
37
what is genetic code
the arrangement of the chemicals in dna
38
which chemicals in dna pair together
guanine , cytosine adenine (A), thymine (T).
39
what are chromosomes
DNA arranged in compact packages
40
how many chromosomes are in a human
46
41
what are the 23rd pair of chromosomes for
The 23rd pair of chromosomes are called sex chromosomes because they carry information about sexual characteristics and determine sex of the individual.
42
what are genes
A single gene is an uninterrupted segment of DNA containing coded instructions for a particular trait. Genes are located on the chromosomes. Each chromosome has many genes.
43
what is it called when you have both the recessive and dominant genes present
heterozygous
44
what is it called when only the dominate genes are present
homozygous
45
what is it called when only the recessive trait is present
homozygous recessive
46
what is mitosis
During mitosis a cell divides into 2 daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
47
what is meiosis
A type of cell division that produces four daughter cells, each with only half the DNA of the parent cell.
48
where is DNA found
a cells nucleus
49
what are the stages of mitosis
interphase, prosphase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase
50
what is selective breeding
breeding an organism for a specific feature
51
what is co-dominance
Both alleles are equally dominant so both traits are expressed.
52
what causes habitat destruction
Agriculture Urbanization causing pollution Expansion of Industry Forestry
53
What are some causes of the reduction of Biological Diversity?
Habitat destruction Introduction of non-native species Over hunting
54
what is extinction
A species that no longer exists on the planet
55
define Extirpation
A species no longer existing in a particular area, but occurring elsewhere.
56
whats endangerment
A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction.
57
whats a threatened species
A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed.
58
what is a special concern species
A species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events.
59
what are Natural Causes of Extinction and Extirpation
Overpopulation-causing lack of natural food Disease Overspecialization I.e. pandas eat only bamboo Catastrophic events I.e. volcanic eruptions, floods, fires
60
what are human causes of extinction and extirpation
Habitat destruction - loss of habitat due to construction, agriculture, development, logging, damming of rivers Pollution – Introducing pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers that can damage environments and cause birth defects Over-hunting - Hunting of plains bison, prairie dogs, beavers, foxes. Introduction of non-native species (Bio-invasive species)
61
what is biotechnology
The use of living things to make agricultural, industrial or medical products.
62
what is genetic engineering
altering dna

science 9 (5 decks)

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