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chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

define WHMIS

A

Workplace hazardous materials information system

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2
Q

define properties and physical properties

A

Properties - characteristics used to describe a substance

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3
Q

what is a physical change

A

Physical Change – Any change not involving a change in the substance’s chemical identity. A physical change involves only a change in physical properties. In other words, the type of matter has not been changed.

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4
Q

give examples of physical changes

A

Changes of state
Dissolving
Absorption of water into a towel
Crumpling a piece of paper
Pulling copper into a thin wire (change of shape, but not change of composition)
Cutting a material
Breaking glass
Writing on a Sheet of Paper

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5
Q

what is chemical change give examples

A

Chemical Change – when two or more substances react and one or more new substances are formed having different properties from the initial substances.
Examples include:
Combustion
Mixing an acid and a base
Photosynthesis
Iron Rusting

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6
Q

what are elements

A

Elements: a material that cannot be further broken down. These are the basic building blocks for compounds.

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7
Q

what are pure substances

A

A pure substance consists of only one kind of matter and has its own unique set of properties. Elements and compounds are pure substances.

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8
Q

what is a mixture and what are the types of mixtures

A

A mixture is a physical combination of pure substances. Each substance retains its properties since there is no chemical reaction that takes place.

Mechanical mixture – each substance that makes up the mixture is distinct or visible. An example is chili.

Solution – the substances are NOT visibly distinct from each other. One substance, the solute, is dissolved into the other, the solvent. An example is Kool-Aid. Substances dissolved into water are called aqueous solutions.

Suspension – tiny particles of one substance are held within another in a cloudy mixture. These particles can be filtered out. An example is tomato juice.

4.Colloid - another cloudy suspension, but with particles so tiny that they cannot be filtered out. An example is milk.

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9
Q

what is evidence of chemical change

A

change in color
change in odor
forming of solid (percipatate)
forming of gas (bubbling)
Release or absorption of heat or light energy ( warm or cold)

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10
Q

what is group 1 on the periodic table

A

Group 1 – is divided into hydrogen and the alkali metals. These are the most reactive metals and they react violently in air or water. Reactivity increases as you move down the group

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11
Q

what is group 2 on the periodic table

A

Group 2 – are the alkaline-earth metals. These metals also react with air and water, but are less reactive than alkali metals.

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12
Q

what is group 17

A

Group 17 – are the halogens and are the most reactive of the non-metals. They tend to combine with other elements to make compounds.

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13
Q

what is group 18

A

Group 18 – are the noble gases and are the most stable and unreactive of the elements.

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14
Q

what does the Atomic Number do

A

of protons in the nucleus of an atom (ie. oxygen always has 8 protons in its nucleus).
Also indicates the # of electrons in the atom, since all atoms are neutral in charge.

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15
Q

what is the mass number what does it do

A

protons + # neutrons in an atom
mass number can be used to discover how many neutrons are in an atom:

	mass # – atomic # = # of neutrons
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16
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

Cellular respiration takes place in body cells. It is the reaction of oxygen with glucose from food to produce water, carbon dioxide and energy.
C6H12O6(s) + O2(g) 🡪 CO2(g) + H2O(l )+ 36 ATP (energy)
(glucose)

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17
Q

what is corrosion

A

Corrosion occurs when oxygen in the air reacts with a metal, such as the rusting of iron.

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18
Q

what is combustion

A

A combustion reaction occurs when oxygen reacts with a chemical to produce a new substance and a release of energy. (burning)

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19
Q

define caustic

A

able to burn or corrode organic tissue by chemical action

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20
Q

why do ionic compounds form

A

An ionic compound is a pure substance formed by attraction between particles of opposite charges, called ions.

21
Q

what are positive and negative ions called

A

Cations (+):
Positive ions, called cations, have lost electrons
Metals tend to form cations.
If 1 electron is lost, the cation has a 1+ charge, if 2 electrons are lost, the cation has a 2+ charge, and so on.

Anions (-):
Negative ions, anions, have gained electrons. Non-metals tend to form anions.

22
Q

what is a chemical reaction and when does it occur?

A

A chemical reaction is formed when 2 or more substances combine to make an entirely new substance

23
Q

what are reactants and products

A

Reactants are the things you put together to create the reaction

Products are what are made because of the reaction

for example water, the reactants are hydrogen and oxygen and the product is water/h2o

24
Q

what are indicators of chemical reactions

A

color change
change in odor
formation of a solid (precipitate)
formation of a gas (bubbling)
release or absorption of energy (turning hot or cold)

25
Q

Exothermic meaning

A

the product releases energy, (heat exits)

26
Q

Endothermic meaning

A

the product absorbs heat, (heat enters)

27
Q

what is a combustion reaction how does it form?

A

A combustion reaction occurs when oxygen reacts with a chemical to produce a new substance and a release of energy. (burning)

28
Q

when does corrosion occur

A

Corrosion occurs when oxygen in the air reacts with a metal, such as the rusting of iron.

29
Q

what is cellular respiration when does is it occur

A

It is the reaction of oxygen with glucose from food to produce water, carbon dioxide and energy.

30
Q

what is The Law of Conservation of Mass

A

In any chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.
because matter is neither created nor destroyed during chemical reactions, though it may change in appearance.

31
Q

what is the differences between a closed system and an open system

A

an open system isn’t covered and there is a way the mass can escape a closed system there is a cover on it and the mass cannot escape

32
Q

what are Catalysts are they reactants

A

Catalysts are things that speed up a reaction it isn’t altered during the reaction so it isn’t a reactant

33
Q

what is an example of a Catalyst

A

enzymes, In your intestine, many catalysts, called enzymes, are working to speed the rate of breaking down food.

34
Q

what helps a chemical reaction occur faster?

A

Concentration
Catalysts
Temperature
Surface Area

35
Q

what is concentration, why does it speed up the reaction

A

With more reactants, a reaction proceeds more quickly. There are more atoms of each reactant available to react.

36
Q

what is Temperature, why does it speed up the reaction

A

An increase in temperature also speeds the rate of reaction.
This is because with more heat, atoms of each reactant move faster and collide with each other more often. Products then form more quickly.

37
Q

what is Surface Area, why does it speed up the reaction

A

surface area is the total area on the outside of an object. The greater the surface area the more area for the other reactant to react with.

38
Q

How do you name a molecular compound?

A

name of most metal like with a prefix if there is 2 or more of that element, the second element with a prefix and replace the end with ide.

39
Q

How do you name an ionic compound?

A

the name of the metal roman numerals of what charge your using(if there’s more than one) name of non metal and replace the ending with ide.

40
Q

whats an ionic compound why do they form

A

a compound with a metal and none metal they form because the charges (negative and positive) attract.

41
Q

Whats a molecular compound?

A

a compound using 2 non metals

42
Q

Who created the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

43
Q

What are properties of ionic substances?

A

high melting point
electrical conductivity when dissolved in water
distinct crystal shape
solids at room temperature

44
Q

What are properties of molecular substances?

A

-low melting and boiling points (forces between molecules are weaker)
- poor conductors of electricity, good insulators
- can be solids, liquids or gas at room temperature

45
Q

compare ionic and molecular compounds?

A

Molecular
usually gasses or liquids
low
good insulator
prefix other than mono + first element
prefix + second element + ide

Ionic
-usually solid
-high
-Conductivity
-good conductor
metal + non-metal second + ide

and subscript to indicate how many of each

46
Q

what are the horizontal row on the periodic table called

A

periods

47
Q

Whats the vertical row on the periodic table called?

A

a family

48
Q

Explain the term ion and explain how an ion gets an ionic charge

A

An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule

49
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

polyatomic ions are groups of atoms acting as one

science 9 (5 decks)

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