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634: Electrotherapy Modalities > Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing > Flashcards

Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What causes arterial ulcers?

A

Arterial insufficiency due to lack of blood flow secondary to atherosclerosis

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2
Q

What causes venous ulcers?

A

Venous Insufficiency due to the valves not being patent which causes pressure to persist causing skin breakdown.

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3
Q

What do arterial insufficiency ulcers look like?

A

They have punched out appearance due to lack of blood supply

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4
Q

What type of electrical stimulation has been proven to accelerate wound healing?

A

high voltage, monophasic, pulsed

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5
Q

HVPC e-stim is most successful in accelerating the healing of what?

A

pressure ulcers

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6
Q

What are the 7 ways electrical stimulation promotes healing?

A
  • Restores the current of injury
  • Galvanotaxis
  • Stimulates cellular activity
  • Increases blood flow
  • Has bacteriocidal properties
  • Decreases edema
  • Autolytic debridement
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7
Q

Why does e-stim need to restore current following injury?

A

Our epidermis loses its electronegative properties when there is a break in the skin. This change in polarity is necessary for healing but is thought to get “stuck” in chronic wounds and e-stim may be required to return it to its original polarity.

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8
Q

What is galvanotaxis?

A

The stimulation of cells to move along an electrical gradient, therefore promoting cells to the injured area

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9
Q

When e-stim stimulates cells what 2 functions does it increase?

A

cell proliferation and cellular function

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10
Q

How does e-stim promote an increase in cell proliferation?

A

An electrical current triggers the calcium channels to open which means intracellular calcium levels increase. This creates additional insulin receptors to be opened. The insulin receptors bind insulin which then signals the fibroblasts to synthesize DNA and collagen.

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11
Q

E-stim increases blood flow by increasing ____ availability

A

oxygen

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12
Q

Do anodes or cathodes have greater bactericidal properties?

A

cathode

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13
Q

Theoretically, how does HVPC decrease edema?

A

By reducing microvascular permeability

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14
Q

E-stim must be used as an adjunct to what?

A

wound care

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15
Q

What is considered standard wound care?

A

basically just dressings

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16
Q

What type of wounds can you use e-stim on?

A

It is appropriate for all stages and types of wounds

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17
Q

Chronic ulcers are defined as ulcers that have not healed within __ days of occurrence

A

30

18
Q

E-stim or electromagnetic therapy will be covered only after appropriate standard wound therapy has been tried for at least __ days and there are no measurable signs of improved healing

A

30

19
Q

What are the 3 methods of wound e-stim treatment?

A
  • Direct
  • Periwound
  • Immersion
20
Q

Voltage must be greater than __ volts to be considered high volt

A

150

21
Q

Utilization of a cathode (-) has been proven to do what?

A

decrease infection

22
Q

Utilization of an anode (+) has been proven to do what?

A

promote healing

23
Q

Why must HVPC be monophasic?

A

It creates polarity, which is important in wound healing.

24
Q

What is the significance of pulse interruptions in HVPC?

A

This interrupted current does not allow the tissue to heat because there is not a continuous flow

25
Q

What is the range of pulse durations for HVPC?

A

40-100 μs

26
Q

What is the frequency range for HVPC when there is no edema present?

A

60-125 pps

27
Q

What should the amplitude be for HVPC?

A

Strong enough to produce a comfortable sensory feeling

28
Q

Typically how long do HVPC treatments last?

A

45-60 minutes

29
Q

How many days per week should HVPC for wound healing be applied?

A

5-7 days per week

30
Q

What should polarity be set at if the patient is in the inflammatory phase?

A

negative

31
Q

What should polarity be set at if the patient is in the proliferation phase?

A

positive

32
Q

_____ polarity HVPC retards the formation of acute edema

A

Negative

33
Q

HVPC can reduce edema due to inflammation by roughly __%

A

50%

34
Q

What should polarity be set at if there is edema present? Why?

A

Negative, because the negative charge repels negatively charged serum proteins

35
Q

Where should the 2 electrodes be placed when edema is present?

A

The negative polarity electrode should be placed over the area of edema
The dispersive electrode should be placed over some other large flat area

36
Q

Does the range of pulse durations for HVPC differ when edema is present and when it is not?

A

No, it is fixed at 40-100 μs

37
Q

What is the frequency range for HVPC when there is edema present?

A

100-120 pps

38
Q

Typically how long do HVPC treatments last when the goal is to reduce edema?

A

20-30 minutes per session

39
Q

What are the 2 positives of electrical stimulation for wound healing?

A
  • Faster healing

- Less expensive than other forms of wound healing

40
Q

What is a negative of electrical stimulation for wound healing?

A

The patient has to remain sitting for an hour

634: Electrotherapy Modalities (11 decks)

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