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634: Electrotherapy Modalities > Clincal Application > Flashcards

Clincal Application Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 determining characteristics of high volt pulsed current (HVPC)?

A
  • Must have twin peak monophasic current

- Must have be able to transmit a voltage of at least 150 V

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2
Q

What are the 5 things HVPC is used for?

A
  • muscle reeducation
  • nerve stimulation
  • edema reduction
  • pain control
  • wound healing
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3
Q

The high peak and low average current of high-voltage stimulation provides what?

A

Deep penetration of a comfortable current

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4
Q

What is the pulse rate for HVPC?

A

1-120 pps depending on the desired clinical application

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5
Q

TENS utilizes a __phasic current to prevent net residual charge

A

biphasic

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6
Q

What characteristic of TENS specifically targets sensory, motor, and pain fibers?

A

The adjustable phase durations

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7
Q

What are the uses of TENS?

A
  • Control of acute or chronic pain (typically LBP patients)
  • Management of post-surgical pain
  • Reduction of post-traumatic acute pain
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8
Q

What is low rate TENS?

A

TENS with long phase duration, high-amplitude pulses (low pulse frequency) used to control pain

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9
Q

What type of reactions are elicited with low rate TENS?

A

Repetitive muscle contractions or brief sharp pain

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10
Q

How long will low rate TENS usually control pain?

A

for 4 to 5 hours after a 20-30 minute treatment

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11
Q

Why do you not want to do a low rate TENS application for longer than 45 minutes?

A

Because prolonging the repetitive muscle contractions can result in DOMS

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12
Q

What is high rate TENS?

A

The most comfortable form of TENS application that utilizes short phase duration, low-amplitude pulses (high pulse frequency)

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13
Q

Because high rate or conventional TENS modulates pain through gating, how long should TENS treatments be?

A

They can be an all day treatment if necessary

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14
Q

When using high rate TENS long term what must you modulate?

A

Output must be modulated to reduce accommodation

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15
Q

What is brief-intense (burst) TENS?

A

TENS with long phase duration, high pulse frequency used to control pain

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16
Q

How does brief-intense (burst) TENS modulate pain?

A

It creates a negative feedback loop in the CNS by releasing opiates that inhibit the release of Substance P which blocks or reduces pain transmission

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17
Q

How long should brief-intense (burst) TENS be?

A

Very short treatment duration due to the noxious-level output

18
Q

When should you not use TENS?

A

When you do not know the origin of the pain

19
Q

What may reduce the effectiveness of TENS?

A
  • Intake of 200 mg or more of caffeine

- Narcotics

20
Q

What is interferential current (IFC)?

A

The waveform produced by the interference of two medium frequency sinusoidal ACs of slightly different frequencies

21
Q

How are the waveforms of IFC delivered?

A

Through two sets of electrodes through separate channels in the same stimulator. The electrodes are configured on the skin so that the 2 ACs intersect

22
Q

What happens when the two ACs of IFC intersect?

A

They interfere, producing a higher amplitude when both currents are in the same phase a lower amplitude when the two currents are in opposite phases. This produces envelopes of pulses known as beats

23
Q

What does the beat frequency equal for IFC?

A

The difference between the frequencies of the 2 original ACs

24
Q

When a carrier frequency of 5000 Hz interferes with a current with a frequency of 5100 Hz, what is the beat frequency?

A

100 Hz

25
Q

Why is IFC more comfortable than other waveforms?

A

Because it allows low-amplitude current to be delivered through the skin easily

26
Q

What can IFC be used for?

A
  • Acute pain
  • Chronic pain
  • Muscle spasm
27
Q

What is neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?

A

Application of an electrical current to motor nerves to produce contractions of the muscles they innervate

28
Q

NMES tends to have a ___ phase duration

A

long

29
Q

The biphasic and alternating currents associated with NMES decrease the possibility of what?

A

electrode irritation

30
Q

6 uses of NMES

A
  • Maintaining range of motion
  • Muscle re-education
  • Prevention of joint contractures
  • Prevention of disuse atrophy
  • Increasing local blood flow
  • Decreasing muscle spasm
31
Q

What are 2 of the effects of NMES?

A

It can produce substantial muscular tension which will lead to an increaase in the strength of muscles when the limb is immobilized.

32
Q

What is the Russian current?

A

A waveform with specific parameters intended for quadriceps muscle strengthening.

33
Q

Russian current uses a ____ frequency AC delivered in __ bursts/second, with each burst being __ ms long and separated from the next burst by a __ ms interburst interval

A

medium
50
10
10

34
Q

What are the 3 claims of the Russian current?

A
  • that it is painless and no sensory discomfort during maximum tetanic contraction
  • that it can generate up to 30% more force than that generated during maximum voluntary effort or contraction
  • that after a few weeks of using it could produce lasting gains in muscle strength
35
Q

What is functional electrical stimulation (FES)?

A

a technique that uses electrical currents to activate nerves innervating extremities affected by paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI), head injury, stroke and other neurological disorders

36
Q

How does FES assist those with spinal cord injuries?

A

FES may assist with locomotion, hand grasp, respiration, aerobic and cardiovascular conditioning, and bowel and bladder voiding

37
Q

How does FES assist with stroke patients?

A

It can substitute for an AFO and it can also stimulate contraction of the wrist flexors and extensors, as well as thumb opposition

38
Q

What are 3 other neurological conditions FES may useful for?

A

MS, TBI, CP

39
Q

What is Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulators (MENS)?

A

a device used to send weak electrical signals into the body that can affect the function of healing tissues by normalizing the injured tissues’ electrical potential

40
Q

What can MENS be used for?

A
  • Acute and chronic pain
  • Acute and chronic inflammation
  • Reduction of edema
  • Sprains
  • Strains
  • Contusions
  • Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Superficial wound healing
  • Scar tissue
  • Neuropathies

634: Electrotherapy Modalities (11 decks)

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