Electric Vehicles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of electric vehicles?

A

1) hybrid (HEV)
2) Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV)
3) Battery (BEV)

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2
Q

What are the advantages of an EV?

A
- Local availability of energy source
o Stimulating local economy
o Decrease dependence external countries
- Fewer GHG emissions 
o Total emissions factor = well to tank + tank to wheel
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3
Q

EV infrastructure: charging on LV-network. How does it work? What are the charging limits?

A
  • AC grid versus DC battery
  • Most cars have onboard AC/DC converter
  • Limits AC-charging power because of:
    1) Grid capacity
    1. 1) 3 phase * 32A * 230V = 22 kW (public)
    1. 2) 1 phase * 16A * 230V = 3.7 kW (home power plug)
    2) Car convertor
    2. 1) PHEV 3.7 kW, BEV 7 to 22 kW
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4
Q

What impact has EV charging on the power grids?

A
  • Average Dutch household demand: 2790 kWh/year
  • BEV electricity demand: 13000 km/year * 0.2 kWh/km = 2600 kWh/year
  • Can the current LV-grid handle this increase?
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5
Q

What is the difference between uncontrolled and controlled charging?

A
  • Lower the evening peak, while increasing the mid-day and night load.
  • This can reduce the total system costs (electricity production and infrastructure)
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6
Q

What do you need to know for EV demand flexibility?

A
  • Parking duration
  • Charging duration
    o Energy needed [kWh]
    o Maximum charging power [kW]
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7
Q

What are the three key points of EV’s?

A
  • EVs have much potential to save emissions. (But dependent on electricity generation mix)
  • Uncontrolled EV demand is expected to violate LV-network capacity limits
  • There are possibilities to shift charging demand (smart charging) and use EVs provide grid services (e.g. V2G)
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