Combined heat and power Flashcards
What are advantages of CHP? (give 4)
- It reduces fuel consumption (Less CO2, CO and NOx emission)
- When distributed, it reduces the load on the grid and balance the distribution grid locally: enabler of more renewable integration.
- More competitive market
- It decreases the need of new power plants and transmission lines
What are the limits of CHP? (give 5)
- Better fitter for contemporaneous use of heat and electricity
- Production should be close to consumer
- Coupling of the temperature level of the het requirement with the cogeneration unit features must be established
- Higher capital cost for the used compared to boiler + electric grid
- Operation and maintenance more complex
What would be the effect of power to heat in the built environment?
1) Electrification of space heating can be great, but not always. So be careful with the strategy “Van het gas af”
2) Smart use of heat pumps can offer flexibility, but potential is limited.
What is the impact of heat pumps on the electricity system? (give 3)
- More electricity has to be generated
- Peak capacity has to increase – more back capacity
- Potential source of flexibility
What are elements to consider before installing a heat pump? (give 5)
- Building envelope
- Heat distribution system
- Heat pump characteristics
- Space availability
- People
What is the difference between monovalent and bivalent heat pump systems?
- Monovalent – heat pump covers 100% of heating demand
- Bivalent – heat pump is complemented with another system (e.g. gas boiler, electric resistive heating) to cover peak demand.
What is the difference between split unit and monoblock heat pump systems?
- Split: evaporator outside and condenser inside. Specialist is required for installing the tubes
- Mono: both evaporator and condenser outside. Water tubes from the heat distribution system are also outside. Needs to be insulated well.
What are concerns of heat pumps? (give 2)
- space
- noise
What are the three source types of heat pump systems? And what are the comments?
- Ground source: costly but efficient
- Water source: less costly but less efficient
- Air source: relative cheap but not efficient
How could the heat pump become a succes?
- It does not become a success is the technology is flawed for a situation (house)
- It will not be a success when people, companies and government are not favourably towards the technology
- In other words, the sectoral and national context in which the technology is developed and implemented matters.
What are the five faces of development in a Technological Innovation System (TIS)?
- Pre-development
- Development
- Take of
- Acceleration
- Stabilization
In a well-functioning TIS, seven key processes are performed. What are those processes?
- F1: Entrepreneurial experiments with commercial projects, demonstration projects, expansions of portfolios
- F2: Knowledge development through studies, laboratory experiments, pilots, communities of practice
- F3: Knowledge diffusion through networks, for example at conferences and through workshops, alliances and communities of practice
- F4: Guidance of the search by ‘managing’ expectations, promises, policy objectives
- F5: Creation of markets, for example through market stimulation policy, tax exemptions
- F6: Mobilisation of resources, for example in the form of subsidies, venture capital, investments
- F7: Support from advocacy coalitions, for example by means of lobbing, advisory reports.
Where does technical change happens in a system?
- Institutions (formal and informal)
- Infrastructure (financial, physical and knowledge)
- Actors and interactions (organisation and people)
What are ideal condition for a heat pump?
- Insulation as much as possible to keep the heat demand low
- Heat source temp as high and constant as possible (using surface water instead of air)
- Heat sink temperature as low as possible (floor heating system)
- Readily available electricity for the compressor (solar panels and grid)
What are two types of heat pumps?
- Standalone (max capacity equals peak demand)
- Hybrid (small capacity + gas boiler for peak demand)
