electric vehicles Flashcards
1
Q
first electric car made in
A
1880s
2
Q
what limits are there to EV sales and growth
A
- combustion engines have been cheaper for most of history
- batteries have been to expensive and hard to perfect for most of history
- range anxiety is big, and WTP tends to be 100 dollars more for each additional mile of range
- batteries are expensive to repair or replace, and last around a decade
3
Q
what are factors supporting growth in EVs
A
- CAFE standards are setting higher and higher requirements hard to meet without EVs
-emission reduction tech has diminishing returns so evs can be better - consumers want eco friendly cars
- firms want eco friendly or indoor vehicles
4
Q
market failures for EVs
A
- EV contributing to carbon emissions
- emissions from electricity source
- lithium mining and battery issues
-national security with manufacturing from china
5
Q
consumer priorities
A
- price level and stability - electricity is more stable than gas
- charging station availability
- charging costs, which are lower than gas
- charging speed - big issue
6
Q
corporate customer priorities
A
- economies of scale have potential
- different driving schedules and peak load influencers
- drive inside buildings and be more efficient
7
Q
utility priorities
A
- electricity pricing
- impact on load management
-distribution system may need updates
7
Q
automaker priorities
A
- emission regulations and EV efficiency
- development and production cost
battery cost falling and is less complicated than ICE
-performance of vehicles
7
Q
policy options to help EVs
A
- carbon pricing
- research and development
- subsidize ev for the people
- fund charging station growth
8
Q
what is urban form
A
the physical built characteristics of a city
different parts of city are influential to energy use
density, land use, connectivity, scale, buildings, public spaces
