EJ Flashcards
environmental justice
to treat all fairly and involvedly for environmental law and policy implementation
to address the disproportionate suffering of minorities as a result of environmental impacts
what is the EJ gap
the difference in exposure to enviro hazards across income and demographics
how to measure EJ gap
calculate average exposure among one community type, and compare it with average exposure in another community type
complications in measuring EJ gap
- finding community demographic
- if the communities improve but the gap doesn’t
- what geographic units of measurements to use
- are we measuring total exposure or damages
- is it about human health damages or total utility
- how does the pollution transport
the ecological fallacy
the relationship estimated from aggregated data is only equal to the relationship at the micro level if there are no group-level effects correlated with pollution.
are there group level effects and how do they affect results when measured in diff geographic units
banzhaf, ma, and timmins
they hypothesize these factors dictate EJ gap:
- discriminatory politics and enforcement
- household sorting ‘coming to the nuisance’
- disproportionate siting on the firm side
- market coordinations
cushing findings
- firms regulated under cap and trade are disproportionately located in disadvantaged neighborhoods
-co pollutant emissions from regulated facilities temporally correlate to ghg emissions
-firms that traded permits had higher emissions after trade initiation
meng and hernandez cortez
spatially, californian areas that are disadvantaged also have highest pollution exposure driven by cap and trade program
overall effect of cap and trade on EJ
- leads to some GHG reductions locally
- doesnt close EJ gap
- gentrification in newly clean areas
costs and benefits of decarbonization with EJ
benefits
- climate change mitigated helps all
-reduce GHG and health damages for some communities
costs
- local employment effect from carbon intensive industries
-increase in energy costs
-reduction in local tax revenues
easing decarbonization transition
- re training programs for jobs and subsidizing education for green industries
- distributing increased energy costs equity
- target GHG reduction in areas that suffer health issues most