Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Lab Flashcards
What does the OK sign test for?
anterior interosseous nerve - motor branch
pt cannot make an O with thumb and forefinger pinching together
What does a varus test evaluate?
lateral/radial collateral L.
What is nursemaid’s elbow or radial head instability?
annular ligament tear and/or radial head subluxation from annular ligament
pain w/ palpation of radial head w/ anterior displacement and restriction to posterior glide
What is colle’s fracture?
fall with wrist extended –> fracture of distal radius w/ dinner fork deformity
What is Smith fracture?
fall with wrist flexed –> ventral displacement of wrist
What does a valgus test evaluate?
medial/ulnar collateral L.
How do you do tennis elbow testing?
have pt extend wrist against resistance
pain = lateral epicondylitis
How do you test for a scaphoid fracture?
physician extends pt’s wrist and applies pressure to snuff box –> tenderness = fracture
*good specificity
What is dupuytren’s contracture?
abnormal connective tissue thickening in the palmar fascia
What is little league elbow?
group of problems related to stress of throwing in young athletes:
pain over medial epicondyle, initially after throwing, progresses to persistent pain
apophysitis –> avulsion –> ligamentous injury
What are some hallmarks of carpal tunnel syndrome?
pain and paresthesia on lateral 3 digits
grip weakness and weakness w/ thumb abduction
What is a galeazzi fracture?
fracture of distal radius
dislocation of the ulna
How do you perform Phalen’s sign?
have pt place dorsal aspects of hands together and force into wrist flexion –> hold for 60 sec
+ test = any reproduction of symptoms
Indication: carpal tunnel syndrome
What do pts present with who have olecranon bursitis?
posterior elbow distention and discomfort due to overuse or occupation
region is often painless and range of motion is normal
What are the possible inflammation sites for dequervain’s tenosynovitis?
tendon sheath
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
What is boxer’s fracture?
fracture of distal shaft of the 5th metacarpal
usually due to punching a solid surface
What does triceps reflex test for?
C7 nerve root
What is mallet finger?
extensor tendon injury at DIP
What is monteggia fracture?
fracture of proximal ulna
dislocation of the radial head
What is dequervain’s tenosynovitis?
pain and inflammation from repetitive overuse of tendons in first dorsal compartment
pt will complain of dorsolateral wrist and thumb pain, occasionally w/ radiation into lateral hand and thumb
grip weakness
How do you perform a tinel’s test at elbow?
what does it evaluate?
tap on cubital tunnel (by medial epicondyle of elbow
pain/numbness = ulnar n entrapment
What determines clubbed fingers?
angle btw nail and proximal nail fold > 180
proliferation of connective tissue btw nail matrix and distal phalanx along w/ vasodilation w/ increased blood flow to digits
How do you do golfer’s elbow testing?
Have pt flex wrist against resistance
pain medial epicondylitis
What is trigger finger?
inflammation and narrowing of flexor tendon sheath –> finger curled up
How do you perform Finkelstein test?
have pt make a fist encompassing their thumb –> ulnar deviate wrist
+ test = increased pain in first dorsal compartment
indication: dequervain’s tenosynovitis
Where are bouchard nodes?
What disease are they associated with?
proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
rheumatoid arthritis
What is jersey finger?
avulsion fo flexor digitorum profundus from fingertip –> can’t bend finger affected
What is a nightstick fracture?
isolated fracture of mid-shaft/distal ulna from a direct blow
What is gamekeeper’s thumb/skier’s thumb?
tear of ulnar collateral L of the 1st MCP –> pain on medial aspect of MCP
What are the landmarks to palpate on the elbow?
olecranon process
medial and lateral epicondyles
radial head
What are symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
ulnar deviation of fingers bouchard nodes (PIP) Heberden nodes (DIP) subcutaneous nodules along the extensor surface of the proximal ulna or around the olecranon bursa
What is ulnar n entrapment/ handlebar palsy?
ulnar n gets entrapped in guyon’s canal = space btw hook of hamate and pisiform
irritation –> numbness, tingling, weakness/ pain in ulnar nerve distribution
Where are heberden nodes?
What disease are they associated with?
DIPs
rheumatoid arthritis
What does biceps reflex test for?
C5 nerve root
What does brachioradialis reflex test for?
C6 nerve root