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AET: Injury Prevention > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What observations should you consider when assessing the elbow?

A

carrying angle– cubitus valgus versus cubitus varus.
is there hyperextension
with the elbow at 90 is there an isosceles triangle with the olecranon and epicondyles

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2
Q

What are the ROM for elbow assessments?

A

flexion, extension, pronation and supination

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3
Q

what are the special tests for the elbow?

A

circulatory pulses @ brachial artery and radial artery

tinels sign- tap on ulnar nerve 4-6 times between olecranon process and medial epicondyles

capsular injury- support arm in passive end ROM, if extends past 0 degrees with pain, indication of injury to capsule

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4
Q

what bones make up the elbow?

A

humerus, ulna, and radius

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5
Q

What are the joints of the elbow?

A

ulnar-humeral(flexion/ extension)
radio-humeral (flexion/extension)
radio-ulnar(pronation/supination)

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6
Q

What are the main structures of the elbow?

A

ligaments, musculature, bursa

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow?

A

MCL(ulnar collateral ligament), LCL (radial collateral ligament), annular

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8
Q

What musculature makes up the elbow?

A

biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, common extensor and flexors, pronators and supinators.

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9
Q

What is the bursa of the elbow?

A

olecranon bursa

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10
Q

What muscle acting on the elbow joint causes flexion, forearm supination, and shoulder flexion?

A

biceps brachii

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11
Q

What muscles acting on the elbow joint cause elbow flexion?

A

brachialis and brachioradialis

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12
Q

which muscle acting on the elbow joint causes elbow extension and shoulder extension?

A

triceps brachii

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13
Q

what muscle acting on the elbow joint causes forearm pronation?

A

pronator teres

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14
Q

which muscle acting on the elbow joint causes elbow extension?

A

anconeus

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15
Q

What is the ROM for flexion of the elbow?

A

135 degrees

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16
Q

what is the ROM for pronation-supination of the elbow?

A

70-90 degrees

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17
Q

what is the ROM for hyperextension?

A

5 degrees

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18
Q

What protects the elbow from overuse and traumatic injuries?

A

bony limitations, ligamentous support and muscular stability.
the elbow is a critical link in the kinetic chain in upper extremity

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19
Q

What are carrying angles of the elbow in males and females?

A

males- 5 degrees

females 10-15

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20
Q

What are acute injuries to the elbow?

A

contusions, olecranon bursitis, sprains, strains, dislocations, fractures.

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21
Q

What are chronic injuries of the elbow?

A

tennis elbow, golfers elbow and olecranon bursitis

22
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

lateral epicondylitis

23
Q

What is golfers elbow?

A

medial epicondylitis

24
Q

What are MOI for contusions of the elbow?

A

direct blow most often involving olecranon bursa

25
Q

What are S&S of contusions of the elbow?

A

very painful, localized pain;
rapid swelling if bursa involved
bruising, limited ROM
ulnar neuropraxia with paresthesia into 4/5 phalanges

26
Q

What is treatment for contusions of the elbow?

A 
PIER, sling and support
severe pain suggests xray
modalities as necessary
pad support for return to play
rule out an infection
27
Q

What are MOI for sprains of the elbow?

A

FOOSH, hyperextension of elbow or repetitive stresses

28
Q

what are S&S for elbow sprains?

A

joint tenderness, pain with AROM & PROM, joint laxity, swelling and limited motion.

29
Q

how do you manage elbow sprains?

A

PIER, NSAIDs, & protect with taping/bracing/slinging

30
Q

What are MOI for strains of the elbow?

A

movement beyond normal ROM or sudden eccentric loading

31
Q

S&S of strains of the elbow:

A

point tenderness, pain with AROM, weakness, swelling, bruising, possible deformity(gr. 3).

32
Q

How do you manage strains of the elbow?

A

PIER, NSAIDS, & protect/rest with sling. xray to rule out fracture.

33
Q

Where can fractures of the elbow occur?

A

distal humerus, proximal radius, and proximal ulna.

34
Q

What are MOI for fractures of the elbow?

A

FOOSH, direct impact, falling on flexed elbow.

35
Q

What are S&S of fractures of the elbow?

A

vast amounts of swelling that often occlude injury
extensive pain in elbow joints
associated muscle spasm of surrounding musculature

36
Q

how do you treat fractures of elbow?

A

always assess distal PMS (pulse, motor, sensory)
splint and support joints above and below injury in comfortable position
arrange for transport to hospital

37
Q

What is Colle’s fracture?

A

involves distal end of radius or ulnar or both.

38
Q

What is the MOI for Colle’s fracture? How do you treat it?

A

impact force going through extended or flexed wrist forcing the distal radius and ulna up and back.

sign= drop down of hand from forearm.

splint and transport to medical care

39
Q

What is epicondylitis?

A

describes an inflammation at the elbow involving the attachment of the common flexor or extensor tendons of the forearm.

40
Q

What are MOI for epicondylitis?

A

direct trauma or overuse/ improper mechanics involving wrist movements with repeated eccentric loads.

41
Q

what is the etiology of lateral epicondylitis?

A

eccentric loading of extensors during deceleration phase of throwing or tennis stroke;
poor technique backhand stroke;
racquet size inappropriate/string tension too high/grip too large-weak grip or small- tight grip;
missing the “sweet spot”
age of participant ~30-50yrs

42
Q

What are S&S of lateral epicondylitis?

A

pain anterior or just distal to epicondyle; may radiate into forearm extensors during activity
repetition produces pain that becomes more severe and increased with resisted wrist extension
positive tennis elbow test

43
Q

What is management for lateral epicondylitis?

A

ICE, NSAIDS adn rest

support for return to activity

44
Q

What is the etiology of medial epicondylitis?

A

repeated valgus forces during acceleration phase of throwing;
excessive eccentric wrist flexion

45
Q

What are s&s of medial epicondylitis?

A

swelling, ecchymosis, point tenderness at humeroulnar joint over flexor/pronator origin.
severe pain
aggravated by resisted wrist flexion/pronation, valgus stress applied at 15-20 degrees of elbow flexion
ulnar nerve involved

46
Q

How do you manage medial epicondylitis?

A

ICE, NSAIDS
immobilize in sling with slight wrist flexion for 2-3 weeks
activity should not be resumed until functional testing can be completed without pain
functional brace for RTP

47
Q

How do you measure for grip size?

A

measure proximal crease of palm to tip of ring finger, if between sizes choose smaller size.

48
Q

where do dislocations occur in the elbow?

A

proximal radial head;
ulnar dislocation: occurs in <20yrs
- caused by hyperextension; sudden, violent unidirectional valgus force drives ulna posteriolateral

49
Q

What are S&S for an elbow dislocation?

A

snapping or cracking sensations;
severe pain, rapid swelling;
total loss of function;
obvious deformity;
arm held in flexion, with forearm appearing shortened;
olecranon and radial head palpable posteriorly;
slight indentation in triceps visible proximal to olecranon;
nerve palsy

50
Q

management of elbow dislocation:

A

immediate immobilization;

activate EMS and transport to hostpital

51
Q

How does olecranon bursitis occur?

A

acute: fall on flexed elbow
chronic: constant leaning on elbow or repetitive pressure and friction

52
Q

What are S&S of olecranon bursitis?

A

tender, swollen, relatively painless
rupture- goose egg visible
50% history of abrupt onset; 50% insidious onset over a few weeks
motion limited at extreme of flexion- tension increases over the bursa

AET: Injury Prevention (11 decks)

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